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A Comprehensive Guide to Selenium

Do you wish to know what is Selenium? or Why is it used?  or Where is it used? To get the answers for all these questions and to clear all your doubts about Selenium, please read this introduction about Selenium automation carefully. This Guide to selenium will answer all your questions and will inspire you to learn more about Selenium and will bring you closer to your dream job.As Selenium offers many advantages it has become more popular among testers and developers. While talking about automation testing, one thing often comes to our mind is which is the favorite automation testing tool?  With simplicity, ease of use, availability and no cost selenium has become a favorite automation tool for many testers and developers. Selenium has made testers life easier.What is Selenium?So, lets us get answers to questions in your mind What is selenium? or What is selenium testing? or what is selenium software? or what is Selenium tool? Or what is selenium automation?Selenium is a suite of tools that are used for testing web applications by automating the browser. It is an amazing tool used for automating the tests carried out on web browsers. Selenium Test scripts can be written in any programming languages Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl & .Net and test can be carried on any OS Windows, Mac or Linux. Selenium supports browsers Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari or Opera. Selenium can easily integrate with other external tools like TestNg, Junit for test case management. It can also be integrated with Maven, Jenkins, Docker to get the benefit of continuous integration. It is a leading open source automation tool in the market. Selenium supports automation testing of functional aspects as well as UI testing of a web application with multiple browsers and OS support. Selenium makes frequent regression testing an easy task. Selenium ensures the quality of the software along with usability, security, and performance. Selenium suite contains four tools –Selenium IDE (Integrated Development EnvironmentSelenium RC (Remote control)Selenium WebDriverSelenium GridWith the help of selenium cross-browser and cross-platform testing is possible and that is the reason selenium is used widely in the software industry for automation and demand for selenium is increasing. Implementation of selenium is easy and once setup is done creating selenium tests is an easy task. Selenium gives you the flexibility of design test cases manually or by record and playback approach. Selenium fits well with different software development life cycles such as DevOps, Agile, waterfall, etc.Why Selenium?As you are aware, technology is changing at a very fast pace. What is invented today becomes obsolete after a few days. It has become a necessity to automate the software to reduce manual efforts and ensure the quality of the software is maintained. There are many automation tools available in the market that delivers the same results then Why selenium? We will discuss this in detail and by the end of this article you will identify the benefits of selenium automation testing and why use selenium?When we talk about automation selenium finds its way. It is widely used and preferred by testers and developers automation tool across the globe. Selenium has emerged as a leading automation tool. Selenium supports automation testing of functional aspects of a web application with a wide range of browsers and platforms support. Selenium ensures software quality, usability, security, and performance.As open-source and free of cost selenium tool is extensively used across the world in Software Industry to automate test cases. In today’s fast-paced world, it has become very important to work smartly without compromising the quality of the product. Selenium gives you confidence in the quality of your product by avoiding human errors. Selenium tests are platform and browser independent and are easy to maintain and hence reduces maintenance cost. Because selenium is an open-source tool with a low maintenance cost, high quality, supports different software life cycles many software/IT organizations across the globe opt selenium as an automation tool.HistoryHey, let us travel into the past and see the gems who invented Selenium. Selenium history goes back to 2004. Jason Huggins a program, a basic tool ‘JavaScritpTestRunner’ as an internal tool to avoid repetitive Manual Testing. He named ‘JavaScriptTestRunner’ as ‘Selenium Core’ and made it open-source after identifying tremendous potential. To overcome ‘Same Origin Policy’ of Java Script in ‘Selenium Core’, Paul Hammant created a server that acts as an HTTP proxy to mimic browser that selenium core and web application under test come from the same domain and called it Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC). Further, minimize test execution time Patrick Lightbody developed a tool “Hosted QA” later known as “Selenium Grid” which was capable of capturing screenshots and simultaneously sending selenium commands to different machines.In 2005 Shinya Kasatani of Japan thought Selenium core can be bundled into Integrated Development Environment(IDE) module, and plugged it to FireFox browser as an extension that can automate browser using record and play features like QTP and come up with Selenium IDE.  Around 2006 Browsers and web applications were becoming more powerful. Simon Stewart at ThoughtWorks developed WebDriver Circa, first cross-platform testing framework that controls browser from the OS level. It has a client for every browser and high-level API. Later in 2008 selenium team decided to merge Selenium RC and WebDriver and create a new powerful tool called Selenium 2 with WebDriver as Core.Currently, the latest Selenium 3 is in the market and version 4 is in the beta testing process.Hope you enjoyed this selenium history.ComponentsBelow is the list of selenium components -Selenium IDESelenium client APISelenium WebDriverSelenium Remote ControlSelenium GridWe already know that selenium is a suite containing different tools. A picture speaks a thousand words. Below picture will give you a high-level idea of selenium suite.Now let us see each selenium component in details –1. Selenium IDE –Out of selenium suit, Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) previously known as Selenium recorder is the simplest tool. Selenium IDE is an automated testing tool which supports record and playback actions.Do you know the purpose behind creating selenium IDE? The purpose behind creating Selenium IDE was to increase the speed of test creation. This user-friendly interface has user actions record and play, which helps to create tests very quickly through its record and playback functionality. It is a portable software testing tool for web applications. Selenium IDE is Firefox add-on and one can download and use it without paying a single penny. Basically, Selenium IDE does not support iteration or conditional statements for test scripts.Suppose you don't have programming knowledge but have a basic understanding of HTML, JavaScript, and DOM, Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for you. You don't need programming knowledge to work on selenium IDE. The menu bar of Selenium IDE allows you to create, save, edit, debugging of recorded Selenium IDE test scripts.What are the features of Selenium IDE?The editor in IDE has two views that are table view and source view. The Printing methods or we can say that log levels are used for generating logs during selenium testing. Such as Error, Warn, Info, Debug. So, That's all about the features of selenium IDE: a very efficient tool used in selenium 2. Selenium client APISelenium IDE has its very own scripting language called Selenese, which provides options for clicking a link, selecting something, retrieving data from opened pages. Instead of writing tests in Selenese, these tests can also be written in different programming languages. Tests communicate with selenium by calling methods in Selenium Client API. Selenium provides client APIs for Java, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, R and Python. With Selenium 2, a new Client API is introduced with WebDriver as its central component. 3. Selenium WebDriverSelenium WebDriver is a collection of APIs used to automate web application testing. It is a framework to automate browser that accepts commands and sends to browser through browser-specific drivers. WebDriver control browser by communicating with it. Selenium WebDriver supports Firefox, Chrome, IE and Safari browsers and Java, C#, PHP, Python, Perl, Ruby programming languages.The main feature of Selenium 2.0 is the integration of the WebDriver API. It is designed to provide a simple, concise programming interface. It enables a user to use a programming language of their choice to write test scripts and enables to use conditional operations, looping and other programming concepts which helps to make test script robust.To write UI tests with Selenium WebDriver you need to identify web page elements fast and with accuracy. Choose the right selection from the beginning so you don't need to visit these selectors very often.Selenium WebDriver API identifies elements: by ID, by CLASS, by NAME, by CSS selector, by XPath, by TAG name. You can also define your custom selector in order to interact with the elements.4. Selenium Remote ControlSelenium RC(Remote Control) is a tool that allows creating automated web application UI tests in any programming language.The RC server bundled with Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser when your test program opens the browser using a client library API function. Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser’s built-in JavaScript interpreter. You can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automated Selenium tests on the browser.Selenium RC  supports programming languages like Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc and achieves logic required in test cases like conditional statements, iterations, exception handling, test reporting, database testing, capturing screenshots of failed tests, test case grouping.  It allows making use of programming language for maximum extensibility and flexibility in developing test logic.Let us see how Selenium RC works. client libraries of selenium RC send a request to Server by passing each Selenium command for execution. Selenium server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands and then browser, using JavaScript interpreter executes Selenium command.Selenium RC is composed of two components -1. Selenium Server -It launches and kills browsers and interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program. For browser request, Selenium server acts as an HTTP proxy by intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. In short Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your program, Server interprets commands and reports back results of running test to your program. 2. Selenium Client -Client libraries provide the interface between a programming language and the RC Server. Client libraries of different programming languages, instructs Selenium Server how to test the AUT bypassing server test script's Selenium commands.The client libraries allow you to run Selenium commands from a program. Each supported language has different client library. The Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API) that run Selenium commands from your program. Each interface contains a programming function that supports each Selenese command.Client library gets Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action on the application under test (AUT) and receives the result of that command and sends it to your program. Your program stores received result into program variable and report is a success or failure.Selenium RC is used to execute scripts on different browsers as RC supports multiple browsers like IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, etc.Note – Selenium RC does not support reporting feature but by integrating with other popular tools, it provides flexibility in reporting.5. Selenium GridLet us now talk about Selenium Grid. Selenium Grid is specialized in running multiple tests across different browsers, operating systems and machines in parallel and is part of Selenium Suite.Two versions of selenium Grid are available Grid 1.0 and Grid 2.0. Our focus is Grid 2 as Grid 1 will be gradually deprecated.HUB and Node concept is used in Selenium Grid where you run your test on a single machine called Hub and test will be executed on different machines called Nodes. Below picture will give you an idea of Hub and Node concept.When you want to execute selenium test against different OS, on multiple browsers at the same time and save execution time you should use Selenium Grid.What is Hub?The central part where you load your test is called Hub. Grid contains only one Hub and is launched only on a single machine. Tests will be run on a machine containing Hub but you will see the browser on the node.What are Nodes?Node is selenium instance that executes tests you loaded on the hub. There can be more than one nodes in Grid. You can launch Nodes on multiple machines having different platforms and browsers. The platform of Node and grid need not be the same.Pros and cons of SeleniumSelenium is widely used automation tool and has its own pro and cons.Let us see what all are the selenium advantages -Selenium is a browser and platform independent.Selenium is open-source automation suite.Selenium is most popular automation tool.Selenium has huge developer community support.Selenium integrates with other open-source tools.It is a good fit for the development life cycle like DevOps, Agile, Waterfall.With small changes according to your requirement framework can be used.Selenium is easy to set up and once set up it is easy to write scripts, test functionality and reuse these scripts in the framework.Selenium scripts are easy to maintainBy integrating with other reporting tools selenium provides flexibility in report generation.Selenium test can be implemented without GUI.Low maintenance costSelenium is widely used automation toolGood demand for selenium experts, architectsIt is a great tool for UI testing, UAT, Functionality testing, regression testing, unit testing, and acceptance testing.Supports parallel test executionIt is lightweight and requires low hardware configuration requirementsAnd below are the selenium disadvantages –Selenium supports automation on only Web Applications. You can not automate desktop applications or mobile applications.As it is open source, direct support is not available.User need to learn to programIt required a set of tools like JDK, Eclipse,  WebDriver, TestNG, etc. to set upThe default reporting feature is not available.Selenium does not provide an API for extra work like test case design, report, build, CI-CD.Automation of barcode/captcha is not supportedBuilt-in image comparison not supportedAutomation JobsSelenium is widely used, and it has wide community support and caters testing needs very well. Being stable and proven framework, many giant software/IT companies across the globe like Facebook or Google are using selenium. A lot of software development companies across the world requires selenium professionals.Selenium is scaling up with huge demand among automation tools as companies are making use of web applications. A lot of vendor tool provider supports Selenium technology and use it to automate web application testing. Scope for Selenium professionals for a job opportunity in automation testing will be always in demand at various expert levels.The areas that see a bright future are continuous integrations, DevOps. Test automation engineers and QA engineers find exciting opportunities in the fields of Mobile testing, API testing, and Big data.Various companies like Google, Mozilla, LinkedIn, ThoughtWork, IBM use Selenium. Again Multinational Companies like Infosys, Accenture, Wipro, Cognizant, TATA Consultancy, etc every year hire Automation Engineers with the sound knowledge of Selenium. As development teams are always in dire need of people who can help them with their knowledge of selenium tool. Due to benefits and ease that Selenium offers it is highly preferred automation software globally and you can think of making carrier in this field.Selenium professionals are in great demand and get good salaries. Depending on the selenium expert level and experience salary depends. Also, sometimes it depends on company policy. One more factor that affects salary is the urgency of your skill. If a project is in line and the company requires your expertise then the company can pay you more.Selenium training is easily available in the market online as well as offline and with knowledge of selenium, you can get good opportunities in the IT industry. From fresher to an expert to architect there are many selenium jobs available in the market for different level across the globe.A software tester is responsible to provide a quality product without any bug or issue.Skills required for selenium tester are –Analytical skillPositive attitudeGood communication skillDatabase knowledgeBasic OS knowledgeKnowledge of scripting languageKnowledge of test management toolEducational Qualification required for selenium tester –Education in computer science such as a bachelor’s degree, engineering degree, master’s degree is desired for software tester. Engineering or bachelor’s/master's degree in information technology or computer science is sufficient to land a job as selenium tester.If you are lacking in engineering or computer science degree, you can take up certification in selenium that will equip you as a professional with essential skills to work on the tool. Payouts –Compensation of software tester varies from company to company and country to country. The average salary of a software tester in the US is between $45,993 and $90,539. Along with salary a software tester also gets other perks like a bonus, health insurance, gratuity.On the other hand, an Automation Engineer based in the United States earn an average salary of $90,539 per annum.Career Growth -Tester has many ways to grow throughout the career. Starting as a 'Trainee' or 'Junior' you can constantly learn by obtaining new skills, taking responsibility and facing challenges and grow in your career. You can get opportunities as ‘Trainee/Junior’, Test Executor, Test designer, Senior Tester, Technical Tester, Test Architect, Test Manager, QA Manager and even sometimes Project manager.ConclusionSelenium is seeing exponential growth over the shorter period of time, as market trends of test automation are continuously changing. Because of selenium, the client receives a return on investment much faster by reducing the number of cycles in testing. Selenium is in massive demand since companies are increasingly making use of web applications. Test automation engineers can find highly exciting opportunities in the fields of Mobile testing, Big Data, and API testing.And to conclude, selenium is in high demand and the right option for website testing. It is a popular tool in the market and will always be in demand. It is the first choice of the tester and  IT companies across the globe for GUI and functional testing of the web application.Know completely about Selenium from our comprehensive blogsUFT(QTP) Vs SeleniumTop Selenium Interview Questions & AnswersSelenium And Its Salient Features
A Comprehensive Guide to Selenium
Abhresh
Rated 4.5/5 based on 3 customer reviews

A Comprehensive Guide to Selenium

Do you wish to know what is Selenium? or Why is it used?  or Where is it used? To get the answers for all these questions and to clear all your doubts about Selenium, please read this introduction about Selenium automation carefully. This Guide to selenium will answer all your questions and will inspire you to learn more about Selenium and will bring you closer to your dream job.As Selenium offers many advantages it has become more popular among testers and developers. While talking about automation testing, one thing often comes to our mind is which is the favorite automation testing tool?  With simplicity, ease of use, availability and no cost selenium has become a favorite automation tool for many testers and developers. Selenium has made testers life easier.What is Selenium?So, lets us get answers to questions in your mind What is selenium? or What is selenium testing? or what is selenium software? or what is Selenium tool? Or what is selenium automation?Selenium is a suite of tools that are used for testing web applications by automating the browser. It is an amazing tool used for automating the tests carried out on web browsers. Selenium Test scripts can be written in any programming languages Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl & .Net and test can be carried on any OS Windows, Mac or Linux. Selenium supports browsers Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari or Opera. Selenium can easily integrate with other external tools like TestNg, Junit for test case management. It can also be integrated with Maven, Jenkins, Docker to get the benefit of continuous integration. It is a leading open source automation tool in the market. Selenium supports automation testing of functional aspects as well as UI testing of a web application with multiple browsers and OS support. Selenium makes frequent regression testing an easy task. Selenium ensures the quality of the software along with usability, security, and performance. Selenium suite contains four tools –Selenium IDE (Integrated Development EnvironmentSelenium RC (Remote control)Selenium WebDriverSelenium GridWith the help of selenium cross-browser and cross-platform testing is possible and that is the reason selenium is used widely in the software industry for automation and demand for selenium is increasing. Implementation of selenium is easy and once setup is done creating selenium tests is an easy task. Selenium gives you the flexibility of design test cases manually or by record and playback approach. Selenium fits well with different software development life cycles such as DevOps, Agile, waterfall, etc.Why Selenium?As you are aware, technology is changing at a very fast pace. What is invented today becomes obsolete after a few days. It has become a necessity to automate the software to reduce manual efforts and ensure the quality of the software is maintained. There are many automation tools available in the market that delivers the same results then Why selenium? We will discuss this in detail and by the end of this article you will identify the benefits of selenium automation testing and why use selenium?When we talk about automation selenium finds its way. It is widely used and preferred by testers and developers automation tool across the globe. Selenium has emerged as a leading automation tool. Selenium supports automation testing of functional aspects of a web application with a wide range of browsers and platforms support. Selenium ensures software quality, usability, security, and performance.As open-source and free of cost selenium tool is extensively used across the world in Software Industry to automate test cases. In today’s fast-paced world, it has become very important to work smartly without compromising the quality of the product. Selenium gives you confidence in the quality of your product by avoiding human errors. Selenium tests are platform and browser independent and are easy to maintain and hence reduces maintenance cost. Because selenium is an open-source tool with a low maintenance cost, high quality, supports different software life cycles many software/IT organizations across the globe opt selenium as an automation tool.HistoryHey, let us travel into the past and see the gems who invented Selenium. Selenium history goes back to 2004. Jason Huggins a program, a basic tool ‘JavaScritpTestRunner’ as an internal tool to avoid repetitive Manual Testing. He named ‘JavaScriptTestRunner’ as ‘Selenium Core’ and made it open-source after identifying tremendous potential. To overcome ‘Same Origin Policy’ of Java Script in ‘Selenium Core’, Paul Hammant created a server that acts as an HTTP proxy to mimic browser that selenium core and web application under test come from the same domain and called it Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC). Further, minimize test execution time Patrick Lightbody developed a tool “Hosted QA” later known as “Selenium Grid” which was capable of capturing screenshots and simultaneously sending selenium commands to different machines.In 2005 Shinya Kasatani of Japan thought Selenium core can be bundled into Integrated Development Environment(IDE) module, and plugged it to FireFox browser as an extension that can automate browser using record and play features like QTP and come up with Selenium IDE.  Around 2006 Browsers and web applications were becoming more powerful. Simon Stewart at ThoughtWorks developed WebDriver Circa, first cross-platform testing framework that controls browser from the OS level. It has a client for every browser and high-level API. Later in 2008 selenium team decided to merge Selenium RC and WebDriver and create a new powerful tool called Selenium 2 with WebDriver as Core.Currently, the latest Selenium 3 is in the market and version 4 is in the beta testing process.Hope you enjoyed this selenium history.ComponentsBelow is the list of selenium components -Selenium IDESelenium client APISelenium WebDriverSelenium Remote ControlSelenium GridWe already know that selenium is a suite containing different tools. A picture speaks a thousand words. Below picture will give you a high-level idea of selenium suite.Now let us see each selenium component in details –1. Selenium IDE –Out of selenium suit, Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) previously known as Selenium recorder is the simplest tool. Selenium IDE is an automated testing tool which supports record and playback actions.Do you know the purpose behind creating selenium IDE? The purpose behind creating Selenium IDE was to increase the speed of test creation. This user-friendly interface has user actions record and play, which helps to create tests very quickly through its record and playback functionality. It is a portable software testing tool for web applications. Selenium IDE is Firefox add-on and one can download and use it without paying a single penny. Basically, Selenium IDE does not support iteration or conditional statements for test scripts.Suppose you don't have programming knowledge but have a basic understanding of HTML, JavaScript, and DOM, Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for you. You don't need programming knowledge to work on selenium IDE. The menu bar of Selenium IDE allows you to create, save, edit, debugging of recorded Selenium IDE test scripts.What are the features of Selenium IDE?The editor in IDE has two views that are table view and source view. The Printing methods or we can say that log levels are used for generating logs during selenium testing. Such as Error, Warn, Info, Debug. So, That's all about the features of selenium IDE: a very efficient tool used in selenium 2. Selenium client APISelenium IDE has its very own scripting language called Selenese, which provides options for clicking a link, selecting something, retrieving data from opened pages. Instead of writing tests in Selenese, these tests can also be written in different programming languages. Tests communicate with selenium by calling methods in Selenium Client API. Selenium provides client APIs for Java, C#, Ruby, JavaScript, R and Python. With Selenium 2, a new Client API is introduced with WebDriver as its central component. 3. Selenium WebDriverSelenium WebDriver is a collection of APIs used to automate web application testing. It is a framework to automate browser that accepts commands and sends to browser through browser-specific drivers. WebDriver control browser by communicating with it. Selenium WebDriver supports Firefox, Chrome, IE and Safari browsers and Java, C#, PHP, Python, Perl, Ruby programming languages.The main feature of Selenium 2.0 is the integration of the WebDriver API. It is designed to provide a simple, concise programming interface. It enables a user to use a programming language of their choice to write test scripts and enables to use conditional operations, looping and other programming concepts which helps to make test script robust.To write UI tests with Selenium WebDriver you need to identify web page elements fast and with accuracy. Choose the right selection from the beginning so you don't need to visit these selectors very often.Selenium WebDriver API identifies elements: by ID, by CLASS, by NAME, by CSS selector, by XPath, by TAG name. You can also define your custom selector in order to interact with the elements.4. Selenium Remote ControlSelenium RC(Remote Control) is a tool that allows creating automated web application UI tests in any programming language.The RC server bundled with Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser when your test program opens the browser using a client library API function. Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser’s built-in JavaScript interpreter. You can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automated Selenium tests on the browser.Selenium RC  supports programming languages like Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc and achieves logic required in test cases like conditional statements, iterations, exception handling, test reporting, database testing, capturing screenshots of failed tests, test case grouping.  It allows making use of programming language for maximum extensibility and flexibility in developing test logic.Let us see how Selenium RC works. client libraries of selenium RC send a request to Server by passing each Selenium command for execution. Selenium server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands and then browser, using JavaScript interpreter executes Selenium command.Selenium RC is composed of two components -1. Selenium Server -It launches and kills browsers and interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program. For browser request, Selenium server acts as an HTTP proxy by intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. In short Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your program, Server interprets commands and reports back results of running test to your program. 2. Selenium Client -Client libraries provide the interface between a programming language and the RC Server. Client libraries of different programming languages, instructs Selenium Server how to test the AUT bypassing server test script's Selenium commands.The client libraries allow you to run Selenium commands from a program. Each supported language has different client library. The Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API) that run Selenium commands from your program. Each interface contains a programming function that supports each Selenese command.Client library gets Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action on the application under test (AUT) and receives the result of that command and sends it to your program. Your program stores received result into program variable and report is a success or failure.Selenium RC is used to execute scripts on different browsers as RC supports multiple browsers like IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, etc.Note – Selenium RC does not support reporting feature but by integrating with other popular tools, it provides flexibility in reporting.5. Selenium GridLet us now talk about Selenium Grid. Selenium Grid is specialized in running multiple tests across different browsers, operating systems and machines in parallel and is part of Selenium Suite.Two versions of selenium Grid are available Grid 1.0 and Grid 2.0. Our focus is Grid 2 as Grid 1 will be gradually deprecated.HUB and Node concept is used in Selenium Grid where you run your test on a single machine called Hub and test will be executed on different machines called Nodes. Below picture will give you an idea of Hub and Node concept.When you want to execute selenium test against different OS, on multiple browsers at the same time and save execution time you should use Selenium Grid.What is Hub?The central part where you load your test is called Hub. Grid contains only one Hub and is launched only on a single machine. Tests will be run on a machine containing Hub but you will see the browser on the node.What are Nodes?Node is selenium instance that executes tests you loaded on the hub. There can be more than one nodes in Grid. You can launch Nodes on multiple machines having different platforms and browsers. The platform of Node and grid need not be the same.Pros and cons of SeleniumSelenium is widely used automation tool and has its own pro and cons.Let us see what all are the selenium advantages -Selenium is a browser and platform independent.Selenium is open-source automation suite.Selenium is most popular automation tool.Selenium has huge developer community support.Selenium integrates with other open-source tools.It is a good fit for the development life cycle like DevOps, Agile, Waterfall.With small changes according to your requirement framework can be used.Selenium is easy to set up and once set up it is easy to write scripts, test functionality and reuse these scripts in the framework.Selenium scripts are easy to maintainBy integrating with other reporting tools selenium provides flexibility in report generation.Selenium test can be implemented without GUI.Low maintenance costSelenium is widely used automation toolGood demand for selenium experts, architectsIt is a great tool for UI testing, UAT, Functionality testing, regression testing, unit testing, and acceptance testing.Supports parallel test executionIt is lightweight and requires low hardware configuration requirementsAnd below are the selenium disadvantages –Selenium supports automation on only Web Applications. You can not automate desktop applications or mobile applications.As it is open source, direct support is not available.User need to learn to programIt required a set of tools like JDK, Eclipse,  WebDriver, TestNG, etc. to set upThe default reporting feature is not available.Selenium does not provide an API for extra work like test case design, report, build, CI-CD.Automation of barcode/captcha is not supportedBuilt-in image comparison not supportedAutomation JobsSelenium is widely used, and it has wide community support and caters testing needs very well. Being stable and proven framework, many giant software/IT companies across the globe like Facebook or Google are using selenium. A lot of software development companies across the world requires selenium professionals.Selenium is scaling up with huge demand among automation tools as companies are making use of web applications. A lot of vendor tool provider supports Selenium technology and use it to automate web application testing. Scope for Selenium professionals for a job opportunity in automation testing will be always in demand at various expert levels.The areas that see a bright future are continuous integrations, DevOps. Test automation engineers and QA engineers find exciting opportunities in the fields of Mobile testing, API testing, and Big data.Various companies like Google, Mozilla, LinkedIn, ThoughtWork, IBM use Selenium. Again Multinational Companies like Infosys, Accenture, Wipro, Cognizant, TATA Consultancy, etc every year hire Automation Engineers with the sound knowledge of Selenium. As development teams are always in dire need of people who can help them with their knowledge of selenium tool. Due to benefits and ease that Selenium offers it is highly preferred automation software globally and you can think of making carrier in this field.Selenium professionals are in great demand and get good salaries. Depending on the selenium expert level and experience salary depends. Also, sometimes it depends on company policy. One more factor that affects salary is the urgency of your skill. If a project is in line and the company requires your expertise then the company can pay you more.Selenium training is easily available in the market online as well as offline and with knowledge of selenium, you can get good opportunities in the IT industry. From fresher to an expert to architect there are many selenium jobs available in the market for different level across the globe.A software tester is responsible to provide a quality product without any bug or issue.Skills required for selenium tester are –Analytical skillPositive attitudeGood communication skillDatabase knowledgeBasic OS knowledgeKnowledge of scripting languageKnowledge of test management toolEducational Qualification required for selenium tester –Education in computer science such as a bachelor’s degree, engineering degree, master’s degree is desired for software tester. Engineering or bachelor’s/master's degree in information technology or computer science is sufficient to land a job as selenium tester.If you are lacking in engineering or computer science degree, you can take up certification in selenium that will equip you as a professional with essential skills to work on the tool. Payouts –Compensation of software tester varies from company to company and country to country. The average salary of a software tester in the US is between $45,993 and $90,539. Along with salary a software tester also gets other perks like a bonus, health insurance, gratuity.On the other hand, an Automation Engineer based in the United States earn an average salary of $90,539 per annum.Career Growth -Tester has many ways to grow throughout the career. Starting as a 'Trainee' or 'Junior' you can constantly learn by obtaining new skills, taking responsibility and facing challenges and grow in your career. You can get opportunities as ‘Trainee/Junior’, Test Executor, Test designer, Senior Tester, Technical Tester, Test Architect, Test Manager, QA Manager and even sometimes Project manager.ConclusionSelenium is seeing exponential growth over the shorter period of time, as market trends of test automation are continuously changing. Because of selenium, the client receives a return on investment much faster by reducing the number of cycles in testing. Selenium is in massive demand since companies are increasingly making use of web applications. Test automation engineers can find highly exciting opportunities in the fields of Mobile testing, Big Data, and API testing.And to conclude, selenium is in high demand and the right option for website testing. It is a popular tool in the market and will always be in demand. It is the first choice of the tester and  IT companies across the globe for GUI and functional testing of the web application.Know completely about Selenium from our comprehensive blogsUFT(QTP) Vs SeleniumTop Selenium Interview Questions & AnswersSelenium And Its Salient Features
Rated 4.5/5 based on 3 customer reviews
A Comprehensive Guide to Selenium
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A Comprehensive Guide to Selenium

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Differences Between Selenium and Cucumber

Selenium Selenium is a free open source suite for automated testing for web applications across different browsers and platforms. Selenium focuses on automating web-based applications and does not support automation of desktop application or mobile application. Testing done using Selenium tool is known as Selenium Testing.Selenium is a suite of software, each having capability to cater to different testing needs of an organization.Selenium suite has four components -Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)Selenium Remote Control (RC)WebDriverSelenium GridBenefits of Selenium:Selenium has many advantages and it is very popular among testers.  Due to its ease of use and availability, and it being free of cost, Selenium has become the favorite automation tool for many testers and developers across the globe. Selenium has made testers life easier. Now, being an open-source automation testing framework, Selenium is widely used for web application testing. It is mainly built on Java and extensively used for automation of web application. Basically, selenium is used for functional and regression testing. Selenium has emerged as a leading automation tool in the automation industry. It supports automation testing of functional aspects of a web application with a wide range of browsers and platforms support. Selenium ensures software quality, usability, security, and performance. In today’s technology world, it is very important to work smartly without compromising the quality of the product, and Selenium gives you confidence in the quality of your product by avoiding human errors. Selenium Testing offers different advantages over other testing tools.Selenium tool is used to write test script and these test scripts are executed by Java. You can use a programming environment like Java, Ruby, PHP, C# and more as per your requirement.Need For Software Testing:Technology is changing at a very fast pace. Today’s invention becomes obsolete within a few days. Automation has become a necessity to reduce manual efforts and ensure that the quality of the software is maintained. Testers and Developers across the globe prefer Selenium tool.  Selenium ensures software quality, usability, security, and performance. Because selenium is an open-source tool with a low maintenance cost, high quality, supports different software life, cycles companies opt for selenium as an automation tool.  Nowadays organizations are taking a step forward to get better advantage of software testing and implement important acceptance test scenarios while development is in-progress, known as Behavior Driven Development.CucumberCucumber is a way of testing that supports Behavior Driven Development (BDD). It is an open-source tool. Cucumber allows writing test in a human-readable language. It explains the behaviour of the application using Gherkin language.You know what about Gherkin language? Gherkin language used in Cucumber is a plain text, with readable and understandable syntax. This helps the client or anyone in the organization to understand the behaviour of the software.Need for Cucumber:Selenium is a popular automation tool in the IT industry. Most of the IT companies use selenium and want to integrate it with cucumber. Cucumber acts as a bridge between a software engineer and business analyst, manual testers and automation tester, developer and manual tester, as cucumber makes it easy to read and understand application flow.In Behavior Driven Development, before a developer develops a code, the first user writes test scenarios or acceptance tests as per the behaviour of the system from the customer’s perspective for review, and sign-off by product owners.Advantages of Cucumber:It is very important to discuss the advantages of Cucumber.    Cucumber involves business stakeholders who can easily read the code.    The focus of Cucumber is an end-user experience.    Easy reuse of code in the test as simple test script architecture.    Easy to set up and execute.    Supports many languages like Java,.Net, Ruby, etc.    Acts as a bridge between business and technical language.    Knowledge of coding is not required to write a test.    Efficient tool.When to Use Selenium and Cucumber?Selenium is a testing framework while cucumber is a Behavior Driven Development(BDD) tool. Selenium is a tool for automating scenarios at the UI layer and checking the behaviour of the system as a whole. To automate scenarios at the UI layer and to check the behaviour of the system as a whole, selenium is a great tool. During system integration testing or UI testing, it is best to use Selenium. Writing cucumber feature files for user stories can be a cumbersome task and will not serve the purpose of automation.Cucumber is a great tool and should be sued to story testing. Cucumber checks behaviour of the feature at the API layer with integration tests. Each feature can be tested thoroughly.With a simplistic and naive view of scenarios, such as favourite login functionality, Cucumber works beautifully. For example - Given I am on the login pageWhen I enter valid credentialsThen I should see my accountComparison/Differences :Basis for differentiation Selenium Cucumber Is it a Framework?Selenium is an automation frameworkCucumber is not a frameworkTypeSelenium is a browser automation testing tool.A cucumber is a testing tool based on a behaviour-driven framework.Programs are written in?Selenium is mostly written in JavaCucumber is written in Ruby programming languageAutomation toolSelenium is a functional and performance automation toolCucumber is not an automation toolScript readabilitySelenium scripts are difficult to read for client or management teamCucumber scripts are readable by client or management teamInstallationSelenium installation is difficult compared to cucumberCucumber is easy to installPerformanceSelenium performance of script execution is quite good.Cucumber makes script execution slowTool  ReliabilitySelenium makes testing reliable and dependableCucumber testing is not comparatively reliableUsageSelenium is used for API, UI, Functional, Regression, performance testing.Cucumber is used for story testing.Supporting prog. LanguagesJava, Python, Ruby, .NetJava, Scala, Ruby, GroovyCostSelenium is freeCucumber is freeEnvironmentSelenium supports only Web ApplicationCucumber supports only Web ApplicationKey differences between selenium and cucumber are- Selenium is referred to as a browser automation testing tool while Cucumber is referred to as a testing tool based on a behaviour-driven framework.In Selenium, test scripts can be written in Java, C#, etc., while in Cucumber, test scripts are written in plain text language according to Gherkin language rules.In Selenium, conditional statements can be used, while in Cucumber, we cannot use conditional statements.In Selenium, scripts are written based on test cases and requirements, while in Cucumber, we write scenarios first and get it verified from the stakeholders.Selenium scripts are complicated to develop and execute, while in Cucumber, it is easy to write or develop and execute the test.Writing Selenium scripts is more like developing an application. Writing Cucumber scripts is like documenting the procedure or functionality in the right order.Selenium is a suite of tools or set of software tools. Each tool has a different purpose and each has different functionalities to test. For example, Selenium WebDriver is used to test Web application across different browsers and platforms. In Cucumber, we define a set of terms and we need to write the file according to defined terms for all supported platforms.In Selenium, identifying syntax errors is easy while developing, whereas, in cucumber, syntax errors are not noticed while writing.In terms of functionality and usage, Selenium and Cucumber are two different things.We use the Selenium tool to automate the manually performed actions on browsers and currently, it is the most preferred tool for UI automation of browsers.Cucumber enables you with behaviour driven development(BDD). BDD enables you to write the scenarios in a plain language that you prefer so that it gives more readability to technical as well as non-technical person.The Selenium-Cucumber framework supports programming languages such as Perl, PHP, Python, .NET, Java, etc.Pictorial comparison of Selenium Vs Cucumber -Conclusion:Cucumber and Selenium are open-source and free tools, that can be downloaded easily. Cucumber can be integrated with Selenium for testing and can be used for cross-browser web applications testing. Scripts are easy to maintain and can be reused for different platforms and languages. These are the best tools used in DevOps CICD process.Combination of Selenium and Cucumber provides you with a lot of advantages like it provides readability of code so that anyone in your team can get an idea of what your code will do & what scenarios you have covered, & reuse the steps easily whenever required. 
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Differences Between Selenium and Cucumber
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Selenium Selenium is a free open source suite for... Read More

Selenium vs Testcomplete

Test automation is one of the most cost-effective and time-saving methods to test software products with long maintenance cycles. TestComplete and Selenium are the two most important automation testing tools which provide an open platform for you to easily build continuous testing frameworks to test non-stop with a lightweight execution engine and distributed testing.Let’s dive deeper and understand these popular automated testing toolsets with their differences.1. TestCompleteTestComplete is an Automated UI Testing Tool developed by SmartBear Software. TestComplete has the ability to create automated functional tests for desktop, web, and mobile applications. It also has native support for Behavioral Driven Development (BDD).This tool is said to be very easy to use with Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is fast and easy to create, maintain, and execute functional tests which will increase test coverage and ensure you ship high-quality, battle-tested software.It has unmatched hybrid object recognition engine with artificial intelligence. Its object recognition combines property-based and AI-powered visual recognition to find dynamic UI elements quickly, easily, and accurately.It is also called a Script or Scriptless tool. The reason behind this is that if you want to script, you can presently do so in seven different languages (JavaScript, Python, VBScript, Jscript, DelphiScript, C#, and C+). If you do not want to script, then you can use its record and play feature.   It is a paid tool by SmartBear. You can bundle options or customize your order. You can view its price here.Brief History:-TestComplete was developed in 1999 by AutomatedQA which is currently based in Somerville, Massachusetts. The current stable version of TestComplete is 14.0 which was launched in January 2019. SmartBear Software is one of the subsidiary companies of AutomatedQA corp.Career Aspects:-It is a highly paid tool which makes it difficult for many organisations to use it. They provide a 30 days free trial. Some good product-based companies use this tool. There are fewer job openings on this tool currently. It is always difficult to learn a paid tool on your own. Although it is a very powerful tool, it is not widely used. TestComplete resources are paid more. It will have less career growth as this tool has everything inbuilt in it and can drastically reduce the number of resources needed to write automated tests.If you are planning to start your career in TestComplete then taking up Automation Testing using Testcomplete Training will be an added advantage.Cons of TestComplete:-License cost is high.Only supports Windows.No much help available through open communities.Not easy to start with official documentationThe tool has stability issuesCheaper than QTP but not as powerful and stable as QTP2. Selenium:Selenium is a suite of tools to automate web browsers which means it can be used to automate an only web-based application. The more precisely only front end of a web application across different browsers and platforms. It can be used with many programming languages and testing frameworks.Different tools in Selenium:-Selenium consists of four tools:-Selenium IDESelenium RCSelenium WebDriverSelenium Grid.Currently, Selenium 4 is about to launch and the alpha version is already launched as of this article is being written.History of Selenium:-Selenium was developed by Jason Huggins in 2004 at ThoughtWorks in Chicago. Later it was made open source and it has become a more powerful and popular tool for web application automation.Career Aspects:-Selenium is an open source tool which increases its popularity in organisations which are mainly service based. Its flexibility of integration with major programming language makes it more adaptable.Selenium has more future growth and a higher number of job openings. You can easily learn and practice as so many free online tutorials and help communities are available. Also, you can take up Selenium training to advance your career.Let’s Compare TestComplete and Selenium :-As we have seen a basic introduction about TestComplete and Selenium, you must be confused about which of these tools is the best and how you can select a tool which properly suits your requirements. Don’t worry, we will compare both tools here so that it could solve your problem.Comparison BasisTestCompleteSeleniumSoftware TypeIt is a Windows-based tool. TestComplete is essentially Windows-based application and thus cannot run on Linux/Unix systems.It is a set of APIs which can be used on at least three major operating systems:- Windows, Linux, and Mac.CostIt is a highly paid tool. You can bundle options or customize your order. You can view its price here.Open Source/Free tool. You can download and use it for free. You can download it from here.Developed BySmartBear Software (A subsidiary of AutomatedQA)Initially developed by ThoughtWorks later made as open source.Application TypeIt supports desktop, web, and mobile applicationSelenium can be used only for Web-based applications. However, WebDriver based tool called Appium can be used for mobile applications.Application LayerTestComplete can be used to automate front end and API of the application.Selenium can be used to test only the front end or interface layer of a Web Application.Supported LanguagesIt supports seven different languages including JavaScript, Python, VBScript, Jscript, DelphiScript, C#, and C+Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl   Javascript, R, etc.Supported BrowsersChrome, Firefox, IE, EdgeIE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, Headless browsersSupported Operating SystemsOnly Microsoft WindowsIt supports Microsoft Windows, Apple OS X, LinuxSupported IDESupports only inbuilt TestComplete IDEEclipse, Intellij and any other IDE which supports JavaSupported TechnologyYou can test web applications developed with any programming language, server-side technology, and frameworks including HTML, DHTML, CSS, JavaScript, HTML5, Web Components (Shadow DOM and Custom Elements), AngularJS, ASP, ASP.NET (including Web Pages, Web Forms and MVC), Ajax, Backbone.js, CGI, JavaServer Pages (JSP), PHP Ruby on Rails.Selenium struggles while automating SAP, Salesforce, mainframe applications.Supported Testing TypesFunctional (or GUI) Testing, Regression testing, Unit testing, Keyword testing, Web Testing, Mobile application testing, Distributed Testing,Functional and load testing of web services, Coverage Testing, Data-Driven Testing, Manual TestingFunctional (or GUI) Testing, Regression testing, Unit testing, Keyword testing, Web Testing, Data-Driven TestingObject Recognition EngineIt has an unmatched Object Recognition Engine now including Artificial Intelligence.There is no such feature provided by Selenium.Record and Play FeatureYou can easily build automated GUI tests using the script-free record-and-replay function in TestComplete.Selenium IDE provides Record and Play GUI tests only for Web-based applications on Chrome and Firefox browsers only.Built-In FrameworkTestComplete has several built-in sample projects for desktop, web, and mobile test automation, to help you get up and running quicker than ever before.Selenium has no built-in framework ready to use.Test ReportWith TestComplete, you can get real-time information on the progress and status of your desktop, mobile, or web functional GUI tests from a single interface. The tool enables you to share images, videos, or detailed logs that you captured during test execution, or even export your logs in multiple formats such as JUnit, HTML or MHT, to easily share details with other team members.Selenium needs to be integrated reporting tools to generate test reports.IntegrationSelenium can be easily integrated with TestComplete which can be integrated with many third-party tools.Selenium needs to be integrated with many other tools to make a powerful framework.Technical SkillsTestComplete is best suited for both Technical and Non-technical resources.You must be good in the programming language to start working with Selenium.Test Development and Execution TimeIt saves a lot of test execution time as it has a powerful record and playback feature, AI-based object recognition, scriptless test creation, etc.You need to spend a lot of time in creating test scripts. Chances of creating faly test cases are more. You need good programming skills to write better tests using Selenium.Test Script MaintenanceMaintenance is easier compared to Selenium.Maintenance becomes challenging with growing test scripts.SupportSince it is a paid tool, so SmartBear provides good and proper support.Since it is an open source tool, no professional support is provided. But Selenium has a larger community volunteer.Career GrowthFewer jobs, limited scopeMore jobs, more growthOfficial Websitehttps://smartbear.com/product/testcomplete/overview/https://www.seleniumhq.org/Conclusion:- TestComplete is a script-less tool which does not require mandatory programming skills to start with. It is very easy to use and helps in creating robust scripts. It is much more powerful and feature-rich compared to Selenium. But the cost of TestComplete is higher and companies go for open-source tools like Selenium. Selenium has more career growth and learning opportunities as you need to be good at programming. TestComplete has fewer job openings as like Selenium, you do not need more resources in a project.So TestComplete is best suited for an average-skilled team and restrict timeline projects for faster creation of test scripts. Project budget can be adjusted by reducing the number of resources needed. 
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UFT vs Selenium

Why Automation?Manual testing of any web-based application and desktop/standalone application takes time, resources and money. Also. it is not possible to quickly test applications at any random time without any manual intervention. Automation comes into picture here to reduce or eliminate the manual testing as much as possible.We have so many tools to automate web-based and desktop applications, with Selenium and QTP being one of them. In this article, we will see a comparison between Selenium and QTP so that you can decide the choose the best for your need.QTP:-Introduction:QTP stands for QuickTest Professional which is a product of Micro Focus. It is Intelligent test automation for web, mobile, API, hybrid, RPA, and enterprise apps.  Now QTP is known as HPE UFT ( Unified Functional Testing). Hence, we will be mentioning UFT instead of QTP in this post from now.Functionalities-UFT provides functional, regression and API test automation for software applications and environments for enterprise quality assurance. We can test all the three layers of an application: the interface, the service layer and the database layer from a single console of UFT as it provides a graphical user interface.Automation actions can be performed by an end user on a web-based or desktop application using UFT. We can emulate user’s action like clicking on GUI elements of applications, entering keyboard inputs and much more. In fact, UFT can do it much faster than human if scripted efficiently.Brief History of UFT:-UFT has a long history. UFT was originally developed by Mercury Interactive in May 1998 and the first version of it was known as Astra QuickTest. Later in 2006, HP acquired Mercury Interactive and product was known as HP QTP. In 2011, HP merged two tools named “HP Service Test” and “HP QuickTest Professional‘ and released the tool with a new name, HP Unified Functional Testing 11.5, made available from HP Software Division. In 2016, the entire division was sold to Micro Focus. Since then UFT is designed, supported and maintained by Micro Focus.The latest stable version of UFT is 14.03 as of March 2018.Career Aspects:-UFT is a more powerful tool as compared to Selenium, but because of its higher license cost, many organisations do not adopt this tool for automation. Moreover, the maximum number of tools which could be integrated with UFT are paid as well, reducing its demand and popularity.If you are a beginner in Automation, UFT is not preferable as chances of getting hired is less as well as you can not learn and practice it well with the limited free trial of 60 days. There are very less efficient and updated tutorials available on UFT online which makes it more difficult to learn.Selenium:-Selenium is a suite of tools to automate web browsers which means it can be used to automate only the web-based application. More precisely, only the front end of a web application across different browsers and platforms. It can be used with various programming languages and testing frameworks.Different tools in Selenium:-Selenium consists of four tools:- Selenium IDESelenium RCSelenium WebDriverSelenium Grid.Currently, Selenium 4 is about to be launched, with an alpha version already launched as of when this article is being written.Brief History of Selenium:-Selenium was developed by Jason Huggins in 2004 at ThoughtWorks in Chicago. Later, it was made open source and it has become a more powerful and popular tool for web application automation.Career Aspects:-Selenium is an open source tool which increases its popularity in organisations mainly in Service based. Its flexibility of integration with major programming languages makes it more adaptable.Selenium has more future growth and a higher number of job openings. You can easily learn and practice as so many free online tutorials and help communities are available.Let’s Compare UFT and Selenium WebDriver:-As we have seen the basic introduction about UFT and Selenium, you must be confused which tool is best and how can you select a tool which suits your requirements well. Don’t worry, we will compare both tools here so that it could solve your problem.Comparison BasisUFT ( QTP)Selenium WebDriverSoftware TypeIt is a Desktop based Application.It is a set of APIs.CostPaid Tool. You need to purchase a license to use it. It is available as seat-based and concurrent which costs more. You can see pricing here.Open Source/Free tool. You can download and use it for free. You can download it from here.Application TypeIt supports web, mobile, API, hybrid, RPA, and enterprise apps.Selenium can be used only for Web-based applications. It is a major disadvantage of selenium over QTP.Application LayerUFT can be used to test all three layers of an application the interface, the service layer and the database layer.Selenium can be used to test only the front end or interface layer.Supported LanguagesVBS( Visual Basic Script)Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl PHP, Javascript, R etc.Supported BrowsersChrome, Firefox, Safari, IE, and EdgeIE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, Headless browsersSupported Operating SystemsOnly Microsoft WindowsIt supports Microsoft Windows, Apple OS X, LinuxSupported IDESupports only inbuilt UFT IDEEclipse, IntelliJ and any other IDE which supports JavaBrowser Area AccessibilityUFT can control the menu and toolbars of the browser.Selenium can control only the visible area of the browser where the web page is loaded.Supported TechnologyIt supports for nearly every major software application and environment, including SAP, Oracle, Salesforce, mainframes, embedded frameworks, headless browsers, and much more.Selenium struggles while automating SAP, Salesforce, mainframes applications.Test ExecutionCombine it with Micro Focus ALM to execute tests synchronously and ALM is also paid one.It can run tests synchronously with the integration of test frameworks such as TestNG which is free of cost.Performance TestingWe can mimic user actions in UFT as the basis for performance tests in LoadRunner. LoadRunner is a paid tool.Selenium is not meant to be performance testing but you can integrate with Jmeter,  WebLoad or some paid tool to run your selenium scripts for performance testing.Supported Virtual EnvironmentsDeploy UFT on provisioned Citrix, AWS, and Azure virtual environments, or run web and mobile tests from Docker containers.Selenium can also be integrated with these environments.Required Coding SkillsYou required less knowledge of programming as it offers keyword-driven testing that simplifies test creation and maintenance. Capture flows directly from the application screens and leverage UFT’s robust record/replay capturing technology.You need a good knowledge of programming language. For each binding of Selenium, you need knowledge of that programming language.Test Execution PerformanceIt requires more system resources. It can run on Windows VM which uses more resources and needs more maintenance.Selenium requires fewer system resources and can be used in Windows or Linux VM. Linux VM is lightweight than Windows VM.Object RepositoryIt comes with built-in Object Repository.Selenium has no such feature.Data Driven TestingProvides built-in support for Data Driven Testing by Data tables.Selenium needs good knowledge in programming and integration with test frameworks to achieve it.Tools IntegrationLimited tools and mostly paid.Can be integrated many paid or free tools.Test ReportDefault test reports are generated.Selenium needs to be integrated reporting tools to generate test reportsSupportSince it is a paid tool, so they provide proper support.Since it is n open source tool, no professional support is provided.Career GrowthFewer jobs, limited scopeMore jobs, more growthConclusion:-So we have seen so many differences between UFT and Selenium. The main driving factor is the cost of automation. If you have a project budget and can afford QTP, it is best as it provides various features. If your project has less budget, go for Selenium but you need to put more effort.Selenium is restricted to the browser. If your test scenarios need to interact with desktop in between like uploading a file, downloading a file and verify, etc, Selenium may not work properly in those scenarios while UFT can easily automate those scenarios. Integrating Selenium with Test management tools is not easier than UFT. Selenium needs to integrate with different tools for reporting and managing data which is available by default in UFT. UFT Scripts will be more stable than Selenium. UFT is rich in features as compared to Selenium.UFT can reduce the number of resources required as it has many readymade features available and helps to write scripts. In Selenium, you may need a few more resources and need to write more lines of code. But you will get less support available on online public forums on UFT, but it has proper support as it is a paid tool.
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UFT vs Selenium
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UFT vs Selenium

Why Automation?Manual testing of any web-based app... Read More