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HomeBlogWeb DevelopmentWhat is Angularjs? Applications and Advantages
Takeaways from this article
Angular JS is a JavaScript framework, that is currently being maintained by tech giant Google. It is used to build single page applications and web-based mobile applications that have interactivity with the users. It is simply an extension of the DOM model, making the application more user-friendly and robust. It is also an MVC framework implementation.
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Menu is trivial in almost all websites, be it single page, or multi-page. A menu is a navigation tool that responds to an input sent by a user- this could be a click, or a touch. It includes designs to make the web page more visible, or to make the user-experience better. Angular JS can be used to improve the user friendliness of the application. Elements from CSS can be added to the already present HTML (in the AngularJS framework) to improve the overall view of the page, thereby improving the user experience.
There are various advantages when using a web page that behaves like a single page application. Instead of having to load and fetch separate pages from the memory as and when requested by the user every time they visit the site, a single page website would mean less overload on the memory and improved quality of user-experience. This is because all the code required by the web application can be retrieved in one go or can be dynamically loaded as and when required by the user. This behaves more like a desktop application, rather than like a multi-page application on the website.
Many applications implement MVC frameworks, and Angular JS is one of them. The highlight of using Angular JS is the fact that MVC is implemented by splitting up the web application into various parts of MVC wherein every part will automatically perform its own remaining work. The MVC elements are managed by Angular JS without explicitly specifying so, and this acts as a pipeline that integrates them into separate elements. It is an intermediate point of contact that makes sure that the components fit and integrate properly. This way, the developer can concentrate on building quality applications without worrying about integration.
Angular JS uses HTML to define the user-interface of the mobile application, and since HTML is simple to use, easy to understand and a declarative language, the entire application is simple. It is easier to use HTML than JavaScript to define the elements of the interface.
HTML is recognizable the moment it is encountered due to its format, tags, etc, in comparison to understanding that the language that has been used to implement the interface is JavaScript. In addition to this, HTML can be used to understand the flow of control of the application (HTML can be used with controllers in the MVC framework as well).
A directive is a concept that can be used to work with Angular JS with the aim of embedding additional functionality into HTML, without making it more complicated. A limitless number of elements can be added to HTML, to improve the functionality of the application, without making it messy or complicated or difficult to maintain.
Angular JS facilitates directives that help the developer in building customized HTML tags. They can be identified with the help of their prefit ‘ng’. These newly built customized tags can be used as customized widgets. In addition to this, they can be used to manipulate the attributes of the DOM. There are certain default directives as well.
The application maps the newly customized/default directives (which are also known as special attributes) to the elements of HTML so that it will generate the respective functionality for the application. This is achieved after creating the directives (customized or default attributes/HTML tags) and attaching that specific attribute/tag to the DOM element where it is required. With the help of data binding, changes to the application will be directly reflected in the ‘view’ section of the application.
In general, the view part of MVC framework extends to the DOM in order to display the data, and at this point in time, the DOM is played with, in order to add extra functionality. The directives present in Angular JS can be used to bind the application data with the customized/default special attributes of HTML DOM elements. This means views are interpreted as HTML pages that come with placeholders which are later replaced with relevant values when dynamic data comes in, by Angular JS. This is a convenient way since it helps integrate the view with the website design. This will eliminate the complexity and messiness of the code.
POJO simply means Plain Old JavaScript Object, which indicates that the Angular JS’s data models are simple, plain, easy to understand as well as implement. This also means that functions such as ‘getters’ and ‘setters’ are not required. The characteristics of the application can be changed directly. The presence of directives and DOM elements can be conveniently used to add the required functionalities.
The need to write too many lines of messy code can be avoided while using Angular JS. The need to write code for MVC pipeline is eliminated, thereby reducing considerable amount of overhead. The data model can be specified without the need to use other extra features or embedding other features. The concept of data binding makes sure that new data is not added into the view portion manually. It has to be integrated into the view with the help of DOM and directives. This way, the entire procedure is simple and easy.
Directives are different, and they are not a part of the code base of the application. This means a directive can be written in parallel without worrying about integrating it with other parts of the code, since this part will be taken care of by Angular JS itself. The time saved can be productively used to improve the quality and features of the Angular JS application instead of worrying about integrating the code with other parts of the application. As a result, there is more flexibility and the ability to extend the code when trying to build high-end web-based applications.
As the name suggests, it is a method that is used to filter the data before it reaches the view part of the application. It helps add filters such as formatting to decimal places, filtering an array based on a specific parameter, reversing the order of ranges, or implementing the concept of pagination for web pages in the application.
Filters can be created to make sure that the functions work properly and have been separated from the application. It also ensures that the functions are only associated with the data transformations with respect to the data and not the entire code of the application itself.
The Publisher-Subscriber system, which is also known as PubSub system is a common model that is used for a separate communication system. Most of the tools that implement Publisher-Subscriber model over the internet wouldn’t be aware of the context in which they are being used. But it is important to ensure that MVC elements that are not related to the same context are not placed together.
When Angular JS is combined with Publisher Subscriber model, the context can be specifically mentioned, thereby addressing a specific part of the application. This ensures that the MVC part remains aloof. The remaining parts of the application won’t receive this context/message which means there won’t be any communication. This is easy to implement and simple to use with respect to communication that happens between controllers. Data binding is a technique that helps in the synchronization of the model and the view of the MVC framework. It helps to change, manipulate and work with the model and the view, and also changes their properties and data. With the help of data binding, any changes in the model would be directly reflected in the ‘view’ portion of the framework without the requirement to manipulate DOM or event handlers.
The scope of the code can be manipulated with the help of controllers in Angular JS. This means data can be placed prior to the code that would be used to implement the business logic or the server code. Controllers perform most of the heavy lifting, since Angular binds specific services to them. This way, the specific service of one controller wouldn’t get mixed with other parts of the application or with the MVC. An API is created to expose the functionality that needs to be used. The offline data can also be managed by synchronizing it with the server, and using various methods to pull or push data to and from a server. It can also be used to create a data sharing resource service that will ensure that different controllers share the same resources at that particular point in time.
Angular JS was built by keeping the testing requirements in mind. This is because testing plays an important role, and can prove to be a significant step in identifying loopholes and issues. It also helps understand the overall application from a different perspective. For this change in perspective, end-to-end testing is performed on the Angular JS application. In Angular JS, unit testing can be performed with or without the help of Karma framework. Unit testing is usually performed separately on controllers and directives of Angular JS.
The Angular JS application can also be tested by setting up individual test pages that would help create a specific component of the application, and then adding interactivity to it and checking if it works fine or not.
The Angular JS application is bound with the help of Dependency Injection (DI). This is because Angular JS contains a built-in DI system. DI is basically a design pattern that discusses the components and their dependencies. DI helps the developers in creating components, working on their dependencies and facilitating the developers with the components that are required. It ensures that controllers are managed within their respective scopes easily. This is because the controllers depend on DI for data to be passed on to it.
Angular JS is an open source framework that binds the data in two ways- the view and the model of the application are synchronized with each other when a user interaction takes place via the interface. This happens automatically so that the DOM gets updated accordingly. It is considered to be budget-friendly, and easy to create.
The highlight of using Angular JS is the fact that MVC is implemented by splitting up the application into parts of MVC that automatically perform the remaining work respectively. The MVC elements are managed by Angular JS without explicitly specifying, and acts as a pipeline that integrates their separate elements. It is an intermediate point of contact that makes sure that the components fit and integrate properly. Adding new functionalities isn’t a difficult task anymore; the view is not a part of DOM, which means new functions can be added and can be integrated with the application by making sure DOM interacts with the directive and the HTML page.
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Conclusion
In this post, we understood the significance of using AngularJS, how it can be applied in the real-world, and how it is advantageous in comparison to other frameworks with respect to its implementation, DOM model, simple coding capabilities, unit testing abilities and much more. Angular JS applications are simple to build, easy to use (user-friendly) as well as maintain. Since the amount of code that needs to be written is less, the developer can concentrate on building better and more interactive applications thereby improving consumer experience.
Note: Angular is a version upgrade to AngularJS. Therefore, Angular refers to AngularJS in this article.
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