Top Mobile App Development Interview Questions

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Introduction

The Ionic framework uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components for developing mobile and web applications. With a single codebase, developers can create cross-platform, high-quality mobile apps by combining UI components and tools. Ionic developers are in high demand in the mobile development industry. To crack your next Ionic interview, prepare with these top Ionic framework interview questions compiled by experts.

Being thorough with these Ionic framework interview questions and answers will help you answer questions on Ionic CLI, different components in Ionic, how to create a new project using Ionic CLI, and how to make Ionic apps work in offline mode. These questions will be equally beneficial for beginners, intermediate and expert developers. With Ionic Interview Questions, you can be confident that you will be well-prepared for your next interview. So, if you are looking to advance your career in mobile development, this guide is the perfect resource for you.

Ionic Framework Interview Questions and Answers

Beginner

1. What is Ionic? What are the prerequisites for installing Ionic framework ?

Ionic is a mobile app development framework used to build hybrid apps. Hybrid apps are basically web apps running in a browser within a wrapper that has access to the native platform layer. Ionic framework is an HTML5 framework. It needs a native wrapper like Cordova or PhoneGap in order to run as a native app. Ionic framework lets you maintain one codebase and create builds for both Android and iOS platforms.

NodeJS , npm are required in order to install Ionic. You need NodeJS 6.0.0+ or a higher version in order to install ionic.

2. What is Ionic CLI ? How do you create a new project using Ionic CLI ?

CLI means Command Line Interface. Similar to Angular, Ionic CLI comes with a number of helpful commands that let you create a new project, add pages , components, providers , directives , pipes and so on. You need the CLI to run, emulate, debug, build and deploy your application.

The syntax to create a new ionic project using ionic cli is :

ionic start <project name> <template> for e.g. ionic start hello world blank. This would create a new project with blank screen. Optionally you can mention tabs , side menu, etc. instead of blank as starter template.

3. Describe the Project structure of an Ionic 4 app.

Ionic 4 app has a structure similar to an angular application. e2e , node_modules, src folders will be present in root directory along with individual files like angular.json, ionic.config.json, package-lock.json, package.json, tsconfig.json, tslint.json . e2e/ folder has files for running end to end integration tests, node_modules contains all the dependencies. src/app/ folder contains most of the app code that you will be writing. App folder essentially has app.module.ts, app.component.ts, app.component.html, app.component.spec.ts and app-routing.module.ts. any services, components, pages created can be stored in their respective folders. assets/ folder can be used to store images and other static content.

As its name suggests, angular.json hosts all of the angular settings like project name, root path for app folder, source root, paths for index file, main.ts, polyfills, assets folder path, css stylesheet paths, script paths, build settings etc. ionic.config.json can be used to set proxy settings for API to avoid CORS errors during development. package.json contains a list of dependencies and serve, build, test and e2e commands.

This, along with other Ionic basic interview questions for freshers, is a regular feature in application developer interviews, be ready to tackle it with the approach mentioned above.

4. Explain Ionic lifecycle hooks

Every component in Ionic has a lifecycle. Ionic creates, renders the component, checks it when its data-bound properties change and destroys it finally. Ionic offers lifecycle hooks that provide a way to tap into these key moments and trigger an action when they occur.

Ionic 2 & 3 had these lifecycle events : ionViewDidLoad, ionViewWillEnter,

ionViewDidEnter, ionViewWillLeave, ionViewDidLeave, ionViewWillUnload,

ionViewCanEnter, ionViewCanLeave.

ionViewDidLoad : Fired only when a view is stored in memory, will not fire if view has been already cached.
ionViewWillEnter : fired when entering a page, before it becomes active one. this event is triggered every time user enters in the view.
ionViewDidEnter : fired when entering a page, after it becomes active page.
ionViewWillLeave : fired when user leaves a page, before it stops being the active page.
ionViewDidLeave : fired when user leaves a page, after it stops being the active page.
ionViewWillUnload : fired when a view is going to be completely removed.
ionViewCanEnter : this is a nav guard. fired before entering a view. Useful when you want to control access to pages based on access credentials.
ionViewCanLeave : this is also a nav guard, fired before leaving a view.

Allows you to control whether user can exit the view or not Ionic 4 provides the Angular lifecycle hooks in addition to the above listed Ionic lifecycle hooks. All the angular lifecycle hooks are available.

ngOnChanges , ngOnInit, ngDoCheck, ngAfterContentInit, ngAfterContentChecked,
ngAfterViewInit, ngAfterViewChecked, ngOnDestroy .

5. How is the Ionic Framework v4 different from v3?

Ionic V4 offers significant changes in performance, compatibility with multiple frameworks and many other improvements compared to previous versions.

Web Components:

Ionic V4 was completely rewritten to use WebAPIs and each component is packaged as a Web Component. Web Component defines as a set of Web APIs that allow you to create HTML tags that are reusable in nature. With Web Components, we can create almost anything that can be worked with HTML, CSS, and Javascript. We can also create a portable component that can be reused.

Compatibility with other Frameworks:

Since it's inception Ionic Framework was built using Angular but Ionic v4 is completely independent of the base framework. Since the components of the Ionic Framework such as ion-button, are now encapsulated as Web Components. Web components work with any framework, in fact, it can be done without any framework.

Navigation:

In Ionic 4 there are great changes in the navigation and the Router by use of Angular Router. Ionic 3 used navigation based on a simple stack where the new pages were placed on top of the stack doing push and when we wanted to navigate backward a pop of the last page is created. Traditional websites use a linear history which means that the user navigates to a page and can press the Back button to navigate back. In Ionic Framework, applications can take this a step further by allowing parallel navigation for its user. Which means that now it is possible to have multiple navigation batteries and exchange them at any time. Also to mention NavController and ion-nav in Ionic4 have become obsolete. It can still be used but only if the application does not use Lazy Loading. Instead of NavController and ion-nav, Ionic4 uses @angular/router.

Ionic 4

Code

Ionic 3

Code

Life cycles of navigation (LifeCycles):

The lifecycles that were used in Ionic 3 as ionWillLoad will no longer be used in Ionic 4. It uses Angular life cycles such as ngOnInit and ngAfterViewInit.

routerLink:
In Ionic 3 the event (click) is used to navigate between pages from the HTML. In Ionic 4 we will use the routerLink , as it is used in the Angular applications.

routerLink

Modules:
It is not necessary to import the pages and services in the app.module.ts file. For each page there will be a module of that page, for eg: to use Reactive Forms on any page, we only import ReactiveFormsModule on the page or pages that will use it.

ReactiveFormsModule

7. How to test Ionic Applications?

Ionic application is developed using AngularJS. AngularJS has a collection of test libraries and frameworks such as Karma, Jasmine test runner, etc. Ionic uses these frameworks for testing of an application.
There are four ways to test Ionic App: in a desktop WebKit browser, in the iOS or Android simulator, in a mobile browser on your phone, or as a native app on the phone.
Desktop browser testing:

Testing your app in a browser is as simple as running the server command.

$ ionic serve

This will start a live-reload server for your project. When changes are made to any HTML, CSS, or JavaScript files, the browser will automatically reload when the files are saved.

Simulator Testing

Simulator Testing:

We can also test in the simulator using cordova commands. For eg: to test in IOS simulator, run:
$ ionic cordova build ios
$ ionic cordova emulate ios
Whereas in Android testing, If you want to get advanced, you can also open up the project file for a specific platform by opening the required Xcode or Android Eclipse project in platforms inside the root of your project. Then, you can build and test the platform-specific IDE.

Mobile browser testing:

We can also test the app directly in a mobile browser. For OS X users, Safari on OS X can debug websites and simulator applications. First, we have to enable the remote web inspector on both the device and Safari on the desktop. To do this with iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks, enable Web Inspector option in the iOS Settings -> Safari -> Advanced section, and also enable the Developer Menu in the Advanced section of Safari OS X settings.
Android apps supporting Android 4.4 or above can use Chrome for remote debugging.
If you are using the local server method from the Desktop testing section and you are on the same network as a desktop computer, you can connect to the IP address of the desktop computer to test. So, if our desktop is running a test server at 192.168.1.123:8000, we can just load that address into our mobile Chrome or Safari to test it.

One problem testing in a mobile browser is that it’s probably the furthest of the three options from the actual app experience. This is largely because the browser app is for browsing websites, so it often adds functionality that conflicts with your app. For example, Chrome and Safari both listen for drag events on the sides of the app which allows switching between open tabs. They have issues with the URL bars getting in the way, and some scrolling behavior is not the same as it is in the web view running in Cordova. It is fine for small tests, but definitely not recommended for more complex apps.

Testing as a native app:

Since we are building a native app, we can test it. There are several ways to do this. If you are building for iOS devices, you’ll need to sign up for an Apple Developer account to test as a native app on an iPhone or iPad. Once you have an account and you need to have set up Xcode with your certificates to enable device testing, you’ll want to open the Xcode project from platforms/ios/ and do your testing from Xcode. Testing on Android is much easier and faster. To test on a device, simply plug it in and run.
$ ionic cordova run android
If this doesn’t work, make sure you have USB debugging enabled on your android device.

11. List of some popular Apps built with Ionic Framework?

Many popular apps have been built with the Ionic Framework. Following are some of the few popular Apps:

MarketWatch: MarketWatch app is a news and market data app available on both Android and iOS. It is primarily for marketwatch.com on-the-go readers.
Pacifica: Pacifica is a mental health app that offers numerous ways to handle your stress. It offers amazing tools such as the ability to track user’s mood throughout the day, listen to audio exercises, daily challenges, etc.
Sworkit: Sworkit is an app based on Ionic, a cross-platform development framework, so it is compatible with both Android and iOS devices. Sworkit includes a wide range of exercises just about anywhere, with no equipment. We can choose the length of workout, from 5 minutes to an hour, and the app fills that time with the type of exercises you requested.
JustWatch: JustWatch is the streaming search engine app designed to find legally available content from today’s most popular services. It helps you to watch movies and shows, also discover new and popular content across a variety of services, including platforms like Hulu, iTunes, Netflix, HBO NOW, Amazon Video and many other.
Joule - Sous Vide: Sous vide is a method of cooking in which food is placed in a plastic pouch, and then put in a water bath or steam environment for longer than usual cooking times. This interesting cooking technique produces results that are impossible to achieve via any other cooking method.
McDonald’s Türkiye: This app is basically a food ordering app, which can also bring you some tasty deals and promotions of McDonald’s.
ChefSteps: This app was one of the first apps developed with Ionic. ChefSteps is a high-tech cooking based company committed to changing the way people cook.
Untappd: Untappd is a beer-centric social network app which enables users to discover new beers and see what everyone else is also drinking. At the top of each screen, there are five icons showing the activity feed, search nearby, find friends, view profile and notifications.

13. What is the role of AngularJs in Ionic Application?

AngularJS and Ionic create an excellent combination in the field of application development. All mobile application play stores are built using this combination. Ionic provides dozens of components with diverse functionalities. The JS portion of hybrid mobile application development is possible to create with the help of AngularJS and Ionic itself is developed using Angular 1.0. Similarly, Ionic 2 works in the combination of Angular 2.0.

Mobile UI with Ionic:

Ionic web standard recommends that which Ionic application will fit into your front-end stack from tablet to mobile to desktop as Ionic is one phase with more than twelve supportive extensible choices as well as parts. In a simple term, Ionic is rather rapidly making a group of AngularJS stimulated libraries that makes building mobile applications with Angular limitlessly simple yet quick. I any, either way, you can’t neglect Ionic.

Single Application for Multiple Platforms:

Ionic has its own library of optimized JS, HTML and CSS tools as an Ionic platform is developed on AngularJS along with Sass. Tedious coding and developing processes have been discarded through Ionic. Push a single code, and your web application will be able to perform over different platforms. Any application built using a combination of these two can be accessed through Play Store. Creating a customized, interactive and user-friendly application has now become so simple and easy because Angular is advancing Ionic platform.

Enhanced Development:

Ionic is the most comprehensive open-source SDK available for developing hybrid applications. Till the date, 4 Million programmers are using the Ionic framework and there are about 2 million+ application built with Ionic. Almost all the hybrid developers complain regarding iterative efforts required to make splash icons and screens, but Ionic makes this task comparatively easier. Ionic streamlines the development task for developers that is all due to the power of AngularJS.

Performance of Ionic Apps:

Very few hybrid applications are known for their performance; however, Ionic has optimized UI components with Crosswalk in the CLI to ensure the smooth performance across various platforms. Fortunately, mobile application developers can have faith to build complex applications using a hybrid mobile application development platform.
There are varied numbers of benefits using AngularJS in a combination of ionic. One of the most significant and potential benefits of using Ionic is to support web developers community to build mobile application effortlessly.

Intermediate

1. How you get a user's current location in an ionic framework? How can you access mobile phone native functionality in Ionic applications, for example, the camera?

Ionic does not provide a camera API. However, since Ionic uses plugins architecture, and it is based on Cordova, we can use Cordova plugins in our application. The ionic team supplies a set of Cordova extensions with Angular wrappers which can be found at ngCordova. To be able to use Cordova plugins, we need to install the plugin using Ionic command install <plugin name>. In some cases, we additionally need to add the plugin’s Angular module to your Angular application. To use a mobile phone’s camera app in the Ionic application, we can call the camera API by using cordova-plugin-camera that is hosted on GitHub. Now, this plugin defines a navigator.camera object which provides API for taking pictures and for choosing images from the system’s image library.

Expect to come across this, one of the most important Ionic interview questions and answers for experienced professionals in app development, in your next interviews.

2. How to use observables in the Ionic framework?

In the Ionic framework, observables are not specific to Ionic or Angular and they are provided with RxjS library. Observables are like a commitment but a lot of things can be worked out from it. It can deal with multiple values at a time rather than just resolving one value at that time. It can also be used to manipulate the data which is associated with it. Observables cannot be executed until and unless they are subscribed to. Various operations can be applied to observables for modification and returning to a new one. We can also create our own observable. The observable pattern is combined into one with the help of the subject which is preferred for simple implementations.

3. What is Ionic Native?

Ionic Native is a TypeScript wrapper for Cordova or PhoneGap plugins which provides adding any native functionality to the Ionic mobile app. We can implement any of the Cordova plugins community in an Ionic application easily with the help of Ionic Native. One of the functionalities of an Ionic native is to write code better. We can integrate Cordova plugins without Ionic Native as well but Ionic Native add types to these Cordova plugins using wrapper classes and allow us to use intellisense and code suggestions. This prevents from running into errors and write codes quicker and better. Plugins are added frequently to the Ionic Native directory.

4. What's The Difference Between Ionic Build And Ionic Prepare?

If you want to get advanced mode, you can open up the project file for a specific platform by opening the required XCode or Android Eclipse project in platforms/PLATFORM inside the root of your project. Then, you can build and test from the platform-specific IDE. Note: if you go this route a suggestion to work inside of the root www folder, and when you've made changes to this folder, run the command: $ cordova prepare ios which updates the iOS-specific project with the code from the www folder. Note: this will overwrite any changes made to the platforms/ios/www and other platform-specific folders.

So, to summarize this part - if you're using XCode to test and run your code after you change some part of the code you just have to run ionic prepare to update the iOS project which again you can continue to use in XCode. ionic buildcommand actually prepares the final (for example in Android it's the .apk file) file which then could be copied to your device and test by running it manually on the device (or by using the ionic emulate command to test it on the emulator).

5. What Are The Ionic Lifecycle Events?

Ionic pages are usually converted into an Angular component as we are aware Ionic frame is built on top of Angular. Just like Angular frameworks has its lifecycle hooks which we follow during the development of Web Application. Also, lifecycle events for ionic framework help in capturing and performing some specific task.

ionViewWillEnter: This event is fired when component routing is about to animate into view. i.e ionViewWillEnter() lifecycle function signifies that all the process to make your page in full view and transitioned in is about to begin and your page has been queued to be pushed into view.
ionViewDidEnter: When this event is fired, your page is completely loaded and completely available to view alongside the animation. In other words, this event is fired when the component routing have finished.
ionViewWillLeave: This event is fired when your page gets the information of getting out from the active state of the page but, it is still in the active state only. In other words, we can say that this event is fired when the component routing from is about to animate. This kind of event is useful to start preparing for the things for the next view before navigating.
ionViewDidLeave: This event is fired when the component routing to has finished animating. Now, this event indicates that your ionic page is no longer in focus and leave the active state of the page. Also, this event is fired after the ionViewDidEnter event. This kind of events is fired to free up the memory resources.

As we have discussed important lifecycle events of ionic other than this there are some more lifecycle events which would prevent unauthorized access of users.

ionViewcanEnter: which is fired before entering into a view, allows you to control whether the view can be controlled or not by the user.
ionViewCanLeave: which is activated before leaving a view which allows you to control whether the view can be left or not by the user.

In Ionic 4 the above mention two events can be replaced with Routing Guards.

15. What is the difference between package.json and package-lock.json in Ionic Project.

For most modern JS libraries like React, Vue, Angular etc. They need a centralised place to manage the different plugins and packages that the project uses. Package.json is mainly used for that reason.

Package.json	Package-lock.json
It records the minimum version of the package that the project needs. If we update packages to the latest version, that will not have any effect on package.json.	It records the exact version of each installed package which allows you to re-install them. Future installs will be able to build an identical dependency.
The package.json is used for more than dependencies - like defining project properties, description, author & license information, scripts, etc.	The package-lock.json is all about the packages. And locking them to a particular version.
We cannot build an Ionic project without this file.	We can build an Ionic Project without this.

18. What is the difference between Observable and Promises?

Observable and promises are used to execute asynchronous tasks in Ionic. For Ex: Making network calls, Checking the internet connection etc.

Observable	Promise
Computation does not start until subscription so you can run then only when you need the result	Execute immediately after creation
Provide multiple values over time	Provide only one
Subscribe method is used for error handling which makes centralized and predictable error handling	Pushes errors to the child promises
Provides chaining and subscription to handle complex applications	Uses only .then() clause

Example of Promise and Observable

i. Promise

var promise = new promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
        resolve(42)
    }, 500)
    console.log("Promise started")
})
promise.then(data => console.log("Output", data))

ii. Observable

var observable = Rx.Observable.create((observer) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
        observer.onNext(42)
    },200)
    console.log("Observer started")
})
observable.forEach(x => console.log("Output is x))

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Description

The Ionic framework is an open source UI toolkit used for building high-performance mobile, desktop apps, and progressive Web Apps using web technologies (Javascript, CSS, and HTML). The ionic framework is used by the world’s best-known brands like Untapped, Sworkit, Dow Jones MarketWatch, NASA. Currently, it has precise integration with Angular, but support for React and Vue are in development.

Ionic enables to use one codebase to build apps for various platforms. Today, the total number of Ionic-built apps exceeds 4 million. This framework doesn’t support apps for huge brands like Facebook or Instagram.

Developers are crazy about Ionic, as it enables them to use one codebase to build apps for various platforms. The total number of Ionic-built apps exceeds 4 million. Although this framework is not able to support apps for huge brands such as Instagram or Facebook, Ionic developers are continuously building high-quality apps, thus broadening the overall presence of hybrid apps on the highly competitive market. This article brings you the list of 10 interesting apps built with Ionic, which showcases the potential that this hybrid mobile app framework possesses.

Ready to face interview for Ionic? Do not worry, we are here to help you with job interview preparation. If you are preparing for Ionic job interview and not sure which questions are likely asked in interview, we suggest you to go through these Ionic interview questions and answers to crack your job interview. Many organizations use this framework to develop apps. There are many jobs related to this across the globe.

We’ve brought you a list of most frequently asked Ionic framework interview questions along with the answers which your interviewer expects at the time of Ionic interview. Ionic interview questions and answers have been designed specially to get you familiarized with the nature of the questions.

Learning and practicing these Ionic framework interview questions will help you to land your dream job. Ionic interview questions and answers here will surely boost your confidence to face interview and will definitely prepare you to answer the toughest of questions in the best way. So, in order to succeed in the Ionic interview you need to read and re-read these Ionic interview questions and answers.

Do keep visiting these interview questions on Ionic framework which will enable you to crack your upcoming interviews easily.

All the best for your upcoming Ionic interview.

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Ionic

Introduction

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

1. What is Ionic? What are the prerequisites for installing Ionic framework ?

2. What is Ionic CLI ? How do you create a new project using Ionic CLI ?

3. Describe the Project structure of an Ionic 4 app.

4. Explain Ionic lifecycle hooks

5. How is the Ionic Framework v4 different from v3?

6. What are the Pros and Cons of Ionic Framework?

7. How to test Ionic Applications?

8. How does Ionic Application perform on Older Android Devices?

9. What is the history of the Ionic Framework?

10. What Is The Difference Between Phonegap, Cordova, And Ionic?

11. List of some popular Apps built with Ionic Framework?

12. How many Types of Storage Available in Ionic Framework?

13. What is the role of AngularJs in Ionic Application?

14. How does Ionic CLI interpret the default colors that are used in the Ionic project ? Ex: light, danger etc. Also how to add custom color to the existing list ?

15. What AOT and JIT and which is used by Ionic?

16. How to debug the Ionic app on a real device (Both Android and iOS)

1. How you get a user's current location in an ionic framework? How can you access mobile phone native functionality in Ionic applications, for example, the camera?

2. How to use observables in the Ionic framework?

3. What is Ionic Native?

4. What's The Difference Between Ionic Build And Ionic Prepare?

5. What Are The Ionic Lifecycle Events?

6. What is Ionic header bar and where it is located?

7. What is Ionic footer bar and where it is located?

8. How to integrate essential JS Electron apps with Ionic?

9. What is a Hybrid Application?

10. What is $ionic backdrop?

11. What are the services and features of the Ionic framework?

12. What is IONIC?

13. How can you detect a platform (Android or iOS) at runtime in the Ionic application?

14. What are the new features in Ionic 4?

15. What is the difference between package.json and package-lock.json in Ionic Project.

16. What are the different ways to transfer data between Ionic Pages.

17. If more than one component is trying to make an HTTP call to same URL, then how can you restrict making 2 network calls?

18. What is the difference between Observable and Promises?

19. What is async and await explain it with a code snippet.

1. How do you configure routes for tabs in an ionic app ?

2. Describe briefly how to create a service with get and post requests.

3. Explain briefly unit testing in Ionic 4.

4. What are slides . Explain with example.

5. How can you create a button with rounded corners and outline but no background color?

6. How can we show tabular data in responsive manner in ionic?

7. How to integrate Google login in an Ionic app?

8. Write an ionic cli command to create a module file without its folder

9. How can you make your ionic app work in offline mode ?

10. How can you use a custom component in multiple pages ?

11. How can you connect your Ionic app with FireStore for CRUD operations ?

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