Asp.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers for 2025

This function generates an HTML string from the supplied partial view. It is not dependent on any technique of action. It is used as follows:  

public JsonResult sample() 
{ 
string send = "hello"; 
return Json(send, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); 
} 

ASP.net MVC interview questions always consist of a little bit or more than expected coding so be prepared. 

The Area in MVC aids in the integration of other areas created by other applications, aids in the organization of views, controllers, and models into various functional groups, and is appropriate for unit testing.

We really have to retrieve data through requests in action methods so that the data may be used. Model binding in MVC translates data from HTTP requests to action method arguments. This repetitious activity of getting data via HTTPRequest is eliminated from the action function.

There are two techniques for adding limitations to a route. 

1. Make use of regular expressions. 
2. Use an object that conforms to the IRouteConstraint Interface.

One of the most frequently posed practical interview questions on Asp.NET MVC, be ready for it.

• MVC divides our project into distinct segments, making it easier for developers to work on. It is simple to alter or change specific parts of the project, resulting in lower development and maintenance costs. 
• MVC helps to make our project more organized. 
• It distinguishes between the terms business logic and presentation logic. 
• Each MVC object is responsible for something distinct. 
• Parallel development is taking place. 
• Simple to handle and maintain 
• All classes and objects are distinct from one another. 

• beforeFilter(): This function is called before each action inside the controller. It is the appropriate location to verify for either an active session or to investigate user permissions. 
• beforeRender(): Called after the controller action logic but prior to the view is rendered. This function is rarely used, however it may be necessary if we use render() manually before any of the conclusion of a specific activity. 
• afterFilter() is called after each controller operation and then after rendering is complete. It is the final controller method to be executed. 

Presentation, Abstraction, and Control play the following roles in MVC: 

• Presentation: It refers to the application's user interface of a given concept. 
• Abstraction: It is the application's business domain functionality. 
• Control: A component that maintains coherence between the abstraction inside the system and its presentation to the user, as well as connecting with other controls within the system. 

Here are some significant disadvantages of the MVC model: 

1. The model pattern is rather complicated. 
2. In view is the inefficiency of data access. 
3. MVC is tough to utilize with a contemporary user interface. 
4. Parallel development necessitates the use of numerous programmers. 
5. Knowledge of many technologies is essential. 
6. "ActionFilters" in MVC allow us to perform logic while an MVC action is being run. 

The following are the stages for carrying out an MVC project: 

• Receive the initial application request 
• Carry out the route 
• Make an MVC request handler. 
• Controller Creation Controller Execution Controller 
• Initiate action 
• Result Execution 

MVC has the following characteristics: 

• Testability is simple and painless. Framework that is highly tested, extendable, and pluggable. 
• Gives us complete control over the HTML and URLs. 
• Utilizes current functionalities given by ASP.NET, JSP, Django, and others. 
• Model, View, and Controller have distinct logic separations. Application tasks are separated using business logic, Ul logic, and input logic. 
• Routing URLs for SEO-Friendly URLs. Strong URL mapping for understandable and searchable URLs. 
• Test Driven Development is encouraged (TDD). 

Assume we are going to a restaurant and not going to the kitchen to cook meals, which we can certainly do at home. Instead, we simply visit the location and wait for the waitress to arrive. 

Now the waiter approaches us and we simply order the dish. The server has no idea who we are or what we want; he has just actually written the specifics of the meal order. 

The waiter then proceeds to the kitchen. The server doesn't really prepare our dish in the kitchen. 

The food is prepared by the cook. Our order is then presented to the waiter, along with reference to the table. 

The cook will next prepare dinner for us. He cooks the dinner with ingredients bread, tomato, potato, capsicum, cabbage, onion, slice of cheese, and other items from the refrigerator. 

Finally, the cook gives over the dish to the waiter. It is now the waiter's responsibility to transport this meal outside of the kitchen. 

Now, the server knows what we requested and the way it will be presented. 

In this instance; 

• View= Us 
• Waiter= Controller 
• Cook= Model 
• Refrigerator= Data 

Note: Dot net MVC interview questions in this article are taken from the recent interviewees. 

The primary goal of utilising Output Caching is to significantly increase the speed of an ASP.NET MVC application. It allows us to cache all content returned through any controller method, eliminating the need to produce the same content each time the very same controller function is executed. Output caching provides several advantages, such as reducing server round trips, database server round trips, network traffic, and so on. 

We should remember the following: 

• Avoid caching content that is unique to each user. 
• Avoid caching content that is infrequently visited. 
• Use caching for frequently visited information. 

Because my MVC application shows a collection of database records mostly on view page, the programme loops via the entire process and conducts the database query whenever the user hits the controller function to see records. And this might have a negative impact on application performance. As a result, we can take use of "Output Caching," which prevents database queries from being executed each time the user runs the controller function. Instead of running the controller method and performing unnecessary effort, the view page is obtained from the cache. 

Locations of Cached Content 

The view page is obtained from the cache in Output Caching but there is no assurance that material would be cached for the duration specified. When memory resources are depleted, the cache begins evicting the material automatically. 

The "Location" attribute of OutputCache label is entirely configurable. Its default option is "Any," despite the fact that the following places accessible; for the time being, we can utilise any of them: 

1. Any
2. Client\s3. Downstream
3. Server\s
4. None
5. ServerAndClient

The output cache is saved on the server in which the request is processed when "Any" is used. The suggested store cache is always kept extremely carefully on the server.  

Bundling and minification are 2 additional approaches that have been implemented to reduce request load time. It improves load time by minimizing the number of server requests and the quantity of requested assets (such as CSS and JavaScript).

• Bundling

It enables us to merge many JavaScript (.js) or cascading style sheet (.css) files so that they may be downloaded as a unit rather than as individual HTTP requests.

• Minification

It removes whitespace and uses other compression methods to make downloaded files as short as feasible. At runtime, the procedure recognises the user agent, such as IE, Mozilla, and so on, and then eliminates any Mozilla-specific code when the user requests from IE.

We may utilize nine different return types to return results from the controller to view: 

All of these result kinds have the same base type: ActionResult. 

ViewResult (View) (View) 

This return type is used when an action method returns a website. 

PartialviewResult (Partialview) (Partialview) 

This return type is used to convey a section of a view to be rendered in another view. 

RedirectResult (Redirect) (Redirect) 

Depending on the URL, this return type is employed to reroute to any other controller and action method. 

RedirectToRouteResult (RedirectToAction, RedirectToRoute) (RedirectToAction, RedirectToRoute) 

When we wish to redirect to another action method, we utilise this return type. 

ContentResult (Content) (Content) 

As a result of the action, this return type is applied to return HTTP content types such as text/plain. 

jsonResult (json) (json) 

When we wish to return a JSON message, we utilise this return type. 

javascriptResult (javascript) (javascript) 

This return type is employed to return JavaScript code that may be executed in a browser. 

FileResult (File) (File) 

In response, this return type serves to deliver binary data. 

EmptyResult 

This return type serves to return nothing in the result (void). 

We must employ a distributed cache, such as Redis, in the project. Microsoft also supplies numerous products to assist with this. Microsoft in the case of Redis. Extensions. Catching Redis offers the gateway and uses IDistributedCache to give a standardized interface.

• wwwroot: The publicly accessible root folder of a website, which comprises subfolders for static content (CSS, images, JS, etc.). 
• Controllers: A standard location for application controllers. 
• Views: There is a folder for each controller in the folder, as well as an unique folder shared by many views/controllers. For example, when we create a controller named HomeController, we will create a Home subdirectory here that contains all of the views associated with HomeController. 

This question is an Asp.NET MVC tough interview questionss, be ready to tackle it. The MVC paradigm specifies three logic levels for web applications: 

• The business layer (or Model logic) 
• The display layer (or View logic) 
• The input control (or Controller logic) 

The Model is a component of the application that exclusively handles application data logic. Model objects often retrieve (and save) data from a database. The View is the component of the program that handles data presentation. Views are often built using model data, while there are other, more involved techniques of building views. As the name indicates, the Controller is the component of the program that manages user interaction.  

Understanding the folders is the answer. 

When we start a project, a folder structure is established by default beneath the project name, which can be viewed in the solution explorer. I will explain what these folders are for in more detail below: 

• Model 

This section provides classes for supplying data. These classes may include data retrieved from the database or data entered by the user into the form to update the database. 

• Controllers 

These are the classes that will carry out the action that the user has requested. These classes have "Actions" methods that respond to user actions appropriately. 

• Views 

These are basic pages that populate the HTML controls with model class data and deliver them to the client browser. 

• App Start 

FilterConfig, RoutesConfig, and WebApiConfig are examples of classes. For the time being, we must comprehend the RouteConfig class. This class includes the default URL format that should be used in the browser to navigate to a certain page. 

MVC has the following characteristics: 

• Testability is simple and painless. Framework that is highly tested, extendable, and pluggable. 
• Gives us complete control over both HTML and URLs. 
• Utilizes current functionalities given by ASP.NET, JSP, Django, and others. 
• Model, View, and Controller have distinct logic separations while the Application tasks have been separated into business, Ul, and input logics. 
• Routing URLs for SEO-Friendly URLs. Strong URL mapping for understandable and searchable URLs. 
• Test Driven Development is encouraged (TDD).

We may assign an equivalent or alias name to a Web API action, much like in ASP.NET MVC, by using the "ActionName" element, as seen below: 

[HttpPost] 
[ActionName("SaveStudInfo")] 
public void UpdateStud (Stud aStud) 
{ 
StudRepository.AddStud (aStud); 
} 

There are three ways for data to be sent between controllers and views in ASP.NET MVC. 

ViewData 

• Data is sent from the controller to the view via ViewData. 
• It is descended from the class ViewDataDictionary. 
• It is just accessible for this particular request.  
• It even requires typecasting for complicated data types, and to prevent errors, it checks for null values. 
• If redirection happens, its value is changed to null. 

ViewBag 

• Data from the controller is also sent to the appropriate view using ViewBag. 
• A dynamic property in C# 4.0 and our MVC interview questions c#, called ViewBag makes use of the new dynamic capabilities. 
• Additionally, it is accessible just for the present request. 
• If redirection happens, its value is changed to null. 
• For the complicated data type, typecasting is not necessary. 

TempData 

• TempData is descended from the class TempDataDictionary. 
• Data as from current request is sent to the following request using TempData. 
• It stores the data for the duration of an HTTP request. This solely refers to turning pages. When switching through one controller to another or from one operation to another, it helps to keep the data. 
• For complicated data types, typecasting is necessary, and to prevent errors, it checks for null values. It is often used to save just one-time messages, such as error and validation messages.

Scaffold templates are used to build code for simple CRUD activities on our database in any of the ASP.NET MVC applications using Entity Framework. 

Microsoft offers a powerful scaffolding engine driven by T4 templates that simplifies the creation of basic CRUD (create, read, update, delete) controllers and views supporting models in ASP.NET MVC applications using the Entity Framework. (At the moment, WebAPI and MVC without Entity Framework scaffolders are also available) 

Modern platform ASP.NET Core supports a number of methodologies. The user must employ certain distributed cache types, like Redis. Additionally, Microsoft provides a number of programmes to help us with this. Microsoft's Redis implementation. Extensions. Caching. Redis provides the middleware and makes use of IDistributedCache to provide a common way to work with it.

Leveraging ASP.NET Web API provides a lot of benefits, the most important of which are: 

• For all CRUD activities, it uses normal HTTP verbs like as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and so forth. 
• Complete routing support 
• Using MediaTypeFormatter, a response in JSON or XML format is created. 
• It may be deployed in IIS in addition to being self-hosted outside of IIS Supports Validation and model binding 
• OData support is available.

ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform web framework that has been created with the.NET Core architecture. It is not a replacement for the existing ASP.NET framework. The ASP.NET framework has been completely rewritten. It is compatible with both.NET Core and.NET Framework. 

ASP.NET Core's main characteristics are as follows: 

• DI Container is a basic and built-in container. It may be expanded with other common DI containers. 
• Structured logging is built-in and extendable. We may route output to as many different sources as we desire (file, Azure, including AWS, console) 
• Strongly typed configuration that is extensible and can be reloaded at run-time. 
• Kestrel is a new, cross-platform, and extremely fast web server that can run independently of IIS, Nginx, or Apache. 

This async pipeline, is easily configured via middleware ASP.NET where all meta packages improving development speed, enables us to refer all Microsoft packages for Core language and it deploys only those packages that are used in our code web.config is absent in it. We use appsettings.json file combined with other sources of command line args, environment variables, etc. 

The Global._asax is also not present– we get _Startup.cs which is needed to set up the Middleware and services for a DI Container. The best and toughest ASP.net MVC interview questions and answers asked till date are covered here. 

Yes, we can use many controllers to share a view. The view may be placed in shared folder. The layout element will be placed to the shared folder when we start a new MVC project since it is utilized by several child pages.  

There are 12 different sorts of outcomes in MVC. The 11 kinds are their sub-types, with the "ActionResult" class serving as their primary class. When we study MVC step-by-step, these sorts are covered as well. The list of such sub-types is as follows: 

• ViewResult  
• EmptyResult  
• FileStreamResult  
• FilePathResult  
• PartialViewResult  
• RedirectResult  
• JsonResult  
• RedirectToRouteResult  
• JavaScriptResult 
• FileContentResult  
• ContentResult 

To handle specific URI patterns that seem to be common in RESTful APIs, convention-based routing is complicated. However, these URI patterns are quite simple to build when employing attribute routing. 

For instance, resources frequently include children's resources, such as those that customers have ordered, movies with actors, books with writers, etc. It seems sense to build URIs like /clients/1/orders that represent these relationships. 

Convention-based routing makes it harder to establish this kind of URI. Although it is possible, if we have a lot of controllers or resource kinds, the results don't scale well. It is rather simple to construct a route for any URI using attribute routing. To the controller action, we only add the following attribute: 

[Route("clients/{clientId}/orders")] public IEnumerable GetOrdersByClient(int clientId)  

The bundling and minification methods available in the Microsoft.Web.Optimization dll are provided by the optimization class. We may utilize this method with ASP.NET MVC3 and ASP.NET 4.0 by using this dll. 

An HTML Helper is nothing more than a method which returns an HTML string. The string may stand in for whatever kind of material we like. HTML Helpers can be used to display standard HTML tags, for example. We may even create our own HTML Helpers to generate more complex information, such as a navigation bar or any HTML table for displaying database data. 

Razor view pages are created by converting HTML controls using a class named Html Helper. 

When a user submits a webform while interacting with the form components, the helper binds model object to that same HTML controls to display the value of the corresponding model properties into those controls as well as assign the value of the controls to the model properties. It is generally advised to utilize HTML Helpers classes in the razor view rather than manually creating all of the HTML tags. 

We may display HTML links and plain URLs with url helpers. The output of these helpers depends on how ASP.NET MVC application is configured for routing. 

Data validation is a crucial step in developing a web application. We can simply add validation to the web application in Asp.net MVC by adding Data Annotation (attribute classes) to the model class. The Program. ComponentModel. Entity framework ORM models, Asp.net projects such as web apps and websites, Asp.net MVC, and Web forms, as well as DataAnnotations namespace have Data Annotation attribute classes that are accessible. Using data annotations, we may define rules for model classes or characteristics, enabling us to evaluate the data and display necessary messages to end users.

Errors are included in the ModelState when server-side validation fails. Therefore, we can check the model state using the ModelState.IsValid property. If there is no mistake in the ModelState, it returns true; otherwise, it returns false.

[HttpPost] public ActionResult DoSomething(UserViewModel model) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { //TODO: } return View(); }

To apply data model validations to the client side using a mix of jQuery Validation and HTML 5 data attributes, Microsoft released the jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js plugin with ASP.NET MVC3.