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KNOW MOREThis module talks about a very simple one-way client and server setup, where a client connects and sends emails to the server, and the server uses socket link to view them. There are a lot of low-level things that need to happen for these things to work, but the Java API networking kit (java.net) takes care of all that, makingnetworkprogramming programmers very easy for developers.
We need a socket connection to connect to another device. A socket connection implies that both devices have data about the network place of each other (IP Address) and TCP port. The java.net.Socket class is a socket. Opening a socket:
Socket socket = new Socket(“127.0.0.1”, 6000)
Streams are used to input and output the information to communicate over a socket connection.
The link to the socket will be explicitly closed once the message is sent to the server. Client keeps reading the user inputs in the program and sends it to the server until it types "Finished"
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Client
{
// initialize socket and input output streams
private Socket socket = null;
private DataInputStream input = null;
private DataOutputStream out = null;
// constructor to put ip address and port
public Client(String address, int port)
{
try
{
socket = new Socket(address, port);
System.out.println("Connected");
input = new DataInputStream(System.in);
out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
}
catch(UnknownHostException u)
{
System.out.println(u);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
String line = "";
while (!line.equals("Finished"))
{
try
{
line = input.readLine();
out.writeUTF(line);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
try
{
input.close();
out.close();
socket.close();
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Client client = new Client("127.0.0.1", 6000);
}
}2 sockets are required to write a server application.
The technique/method getOutputStream() is used to deliver outputs via the socket.
It is essential to close the link after completion by closing both the socket and the input / output streams.
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Server
{
//initialize socket and input stream
private Socket socket = null;
private ServerSocket server = null;
private DataInputStream in = null;
public Server(int port)
{
try
{
server = new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("Server started");
System.out.println("Waiting for a client ...");
socket = server.accept();
System.out.println("Client accepted");
in = new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));
String line = "";
while (!line.equals("Finished"))
{
try
{
line = in.readUTF();
System.out.println(line);
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
System.out.println("Closing connection");
// close connection
socket.close();
in.close();
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Server server = new Server(6000);
}
} socket = server.accept()
Compile both client and server programs to run/execute the client and server application on your computer. First execute the application on the server and then execute the application on the client.
Open 2 windows, one for Server and another for Client
- First execute the Server java application as ,
$ java Server
Server started
Waiting for a client …
- Then execute the Client java application on another terminal as,
$ java Client
It will show – Connected and the server accepts the client and shows,
Client accepted
- Then in the client window you can begin typing messages. Here's a sample client input
Hello
How are you ?
Finished
Which the Server simultaneously receives and shows,
Hello
How are you ?
Finished
Closing connection
Note that "Finished" sending closes the link between the client and the server just as said before.
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