Both Java and C# are general purpose computer programming languages. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems with a GNU General Public License. C# was developed by Microsoft and approved as a standard by the ECMA and ISO.
Some of the major differences between Java and C# are as follows:
Table: Difference between Java and C#
| S. No. | Features | Java | C# |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Definition | Java is an object-oriented computer programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. | C# is an object-oriented computer programming language developed by Microsoft. |
| 2 | Runtime Environment | Java runs on the Java platform with the help of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) | C# runs on the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), which contains the executable code and runtime environment. |
| 3 | Database Connectivity | Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is used for connecting Java with databases. | ADO.NET is used by C# to access data and data services from a database. |
| 4 | Arrays | Arrays in Java are a direct specialization of Object. | Arrays in C# are a specialization of System |
| 5 | Conditional Compilation | There is no support for Conditional Compilation in Java. | C# supports conditional compilation using preprocessor directives. |
| 6 | Exceptions | Java supports both checked and unchecked exceptions. | C# supports unchecked exception. |
| 7 | Map Interface | Java supports HashMap that provide a basic implementation of map interface using (key, value) pairs. | C# contains a Dictionary that is a collection of words and their definitions in (key, value) pairs. |
| 8 | Type Safety | Java type safety is safe. | C# type safety is unsafe. |
| 9 | Delegates | There is no support for delegates in Java. | C# supports the concept of delegates. |
| 10 | The goto statement | There is no support in Java for goto statement. | C# supports goto statement. |
| 11 | Data Types | In Java, the built-in data types that are passed by value are called primitive types. | In C#, the built-in data types that are passed by value are called simple types. |
| 12 | Packages | Packages are used in Java to prevent naming conflicts, to control access etc. | Namespaces are used in C# to keep one set of names separated from another. |
| 13 | Structures and Unions | Java do not support structures and unions. | C# supports structures and unions. |
| 14 | Operator Overloading | There is no concept of operator overloading in Java. | C# supports the concept of operator overloading. |
| 15 | Super keyword | Super keyword refers to the immediate parent class instance. | For super keyword in Java, there is a base keyword in C#. It is used to access the methods and constructors of base class. |
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The reason abstraction can be used with this example is because, the triangle, circle. Square etc can be defined as a shape, for example.....shape c = new circle(5,0)...the abstract object c now points at the circle class. Thus hiding implementation
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