What is The Salary of Ethical Hacker?
4K- by Anand V
- 04th Nov, 2020
- Last updated on 10th Mar, 2021
- 8 mins read
In this article, you will learn who is an ethical hacker and what are their responsibilities. You will also learn more about the demand for an ethical hacker and salary trends around the globe.
Who is an Ethical hacker?
Also called a white-hat hacker, an ethical hacker is a skilled security professional. He or she has good technical knowledge and practical skills to identify and exploit vulnerabilities (bugs) in the target system. You might wonder at the use of the term ‘ethical’; what ethics could there possibly be in hacking?
Ethical hackers work with the permission of the owners of the systems. If you are working as an ethical hacker in an organization, you are required to find vulnerabilities in their network and systems; so that they can take precautions to safeguard them before they are found by real hackers who have a malicious intent.
Ethical hacking is not illegal, and it is one of the demanding jobs available in the IT industry. Businesses and organizations across the world hire ethical hackers to safeguard their networks, applications, and other computer systems in order to improve their cyber security and prevent data theft and fraud. There are numerous companies that hire ethical hackers for penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
You need to remember that you can hack only whatever you are permitted to do and should not investigate whatever you do not have permissions for. This is the fundamental difference between a malicious hacker (or black-hat hacker) and you.
While we are learning about who is an ethical hacker, you need to know about different kinds of hacker and their motives. Hackers fall into these categories:
- White hat hackers
- Black hat hackers
- Grey hat hackers
These names are taken from old Spaghetti Westerns; where the bad guys wear black cowboy hats and are easily distinguished from the good guys who wear white hats!
White Hat Hackers
White Hat hackers are also known as Ethical Hackers. Their intent is not to harm or exploit a computer or network system, but to find the vulnerabilities and give the product owners or network admin the right measures to mitigate any issues found during the penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
Black Hat Hackers
Black Hat hackers work with a malicious intent, and break into computer systems to gain unauthorized access to a network system or software. They work with the goal of damaging operations or stealing sensitive information.
Black Hat hacking activities are always illegal because of their motive to break into systems without the system owner’s permission. They could steal highly sensitive private or corporate data which may result in violating privacy, damaging the system, or stopping the network communication.
Grey Hat Hackers
Grey hat hackers carry out both black hat and white hat hacking, acting in accordance with the opportunities they get. If they get an opportunity for ethical hacking, they will work as an ethical hacker and if they get an opportunity to work as a malicious hacker for somebody, they will hack and exploit a security weakness in a computer system or network without the owner’s permission or knowledge.
Miscellaneous Hackers
While the above are the well-known and commonly accepted categories of hackers, there are some more, lesser-known categories:
Blue Hat Hackers
Blue hat hackers are those who work with product development teams to test for security vulnerabilities before a product is going to be launched. They use hacking techniques to find vulnerabilities which could possibly be exploited; and inform the team about the bugs in the product so that it can be fixed before its launch. The term Blue Hat is used to indicate a series of security briefing events.
Red Hat Hackers
Red hat hackers are similar to gray hat hackers who do both black hat and white hat hacking. The difference is that red hat hackers usually work on high level, top secret requirements, such as hacking government organizations, high-secret information, and usually anything that’s related to the category of sensitive information.
Elite Hackers
Elite hackers are those who are considered to be the most skilled in the hacking community. The exploits that they have discovered are widely circulated and followed by others.
Hacktivist
A hacktivist is a hacker who uses hacking methods to further political and social change in the community. They work for a cause rather than to steal information for financial gain. They use hacking to announce a social, political or religious message, and may use their skills for defacement of web sites or public denial-of-service attacks.
Script Kiddie
A script kiddie is a hacker who uses the tools and techniques developed by other hackers but does not have adequate expertise and knowledge about the usage of tools and the consequences of hacking activities. In other words, they break into computer systems by using automated tools developed by others, with little understanding of the underlying concepts. They are considered novices (or ‘kiddies') in the hacking world.
What are the responsibilities of an Ethical Hacker?
An ethical hacker is usually a part of a security team that helps in finding and mitigating vulnerabilities or bugs. They provide support that safeguards and mitigates risks to the network or application that they need to protect. They also continually monitor the network for any irregularities. Ethical hackers must have out-of-the-box thinking capabilities to go beyond what is considered normal ways of working and should keep themselves updated with advancements in tools and technologies. The job could come with high levels of stress, and ethical hackers must be prepared to work quickly and effectively to keep the systems they are always protected safe and secure.
Certified Ethical Hacker Responsibilities:
- Discuss with clients about the security system they use currently.
- Conduct research on recent vulnerabilities in the computer system, network structure, and software and suggest the ways of mitigating any vulnerabilities.
- Conduct penetration tests on the network and application.
- Identify and record vulnerabilities and security breaches.
- Review security posture of the network.
- Advise the organization on the latest security measures.
- Create ethical hacking or penetration test reports for the client.
- Retest the new security features that have been implemented to verify the security mechanism.
- Stay on top of industry advancements and advise on upgrades whenever needed.
Management cadre professionals and organizational decision makers are typically not tech or security experts. With breaches in cyber security becoming a growing treat to organizations everywhere, ethical hackers who have the right experience and skills are highly sought after across industries. As tech experts in systems, networks and applications, ethical hackers are at the frontline, keeping organizational data and systems safe from cyber-attacks.
In the UK, JOBLIFT conducted a study and found that the demand for Ethical hackers has increased by 3X the rate of supply.
There are several other reasons as to why ethical hackers are in demand:
- Widespread adoption of cloud computing has introduced security risks such as ransomware, identity theft, malware infections and data breaches.
- Cyber threats are growing increasingly sophisticated, which means that organizations must keep themselves safe by increasing the budget for cybersecurity. This has raised the demand for reputed cyber specialists and ethical hackers.
- With the rampant increase in the numbers of internet users, the web has become a prime target for the malicious activities of black hat hackers.
This chart indicates the increase in the number of internet users across the world.
| WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS 2020 Year-Q2 Estimates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World Regions | Population (2020 Est.) | Population % of World | Internet Users 30 June 2020 | Penetration Rate (% Pop.) | Growth 2000-2020 | Internet World % |
| Africa | 1,340,598,447 | 17.2 % | 566,138,772 | 42.2 % | 12,441 % | 11.7 % |
| Asia | 4,294,516,659 | 55.1 % | 2,525,033,874 | 58.8 % | 2,109 % | 52.2 % |
| Europe | 834,995,197 | 10.7 % | 727,848,547 | 87.2 % | 592 % | 15.1 % |
| Latin America / Caribbean | 654,287,232 | 8.4 % | 467,817,332 | 71.5 % | 2,489 % | 9.7 % |
| Middle East | 260,991,690 | 3.3 % | 184,856,813 | 70.8 % | 5,527 % | 3.8 % |
| North America | 368,869,647 | 4.7 % | 332,908,868 | 90.3 % | 208 % | 6.9 % |
| Oceania / Australia | 42,690,838 | 0.5 % | 28,917,600 | 67.7 % | 279 % | 0.6 % |
| WORLD TOTAL | 7,796,949,710 | 100.0 % | 4,833,521,806 | 62.0 % | 1,239 % | 100.0 % |
- Salary trends for Ethical hackers around the globe
1. Ethical Hacker salary in the USA
| Cyber Security Analyst | $85k |
| Information Security Analyst | $78k |
| Cyber Security Engineer | $105k |
2. Ethical Hacker salary in INDIA
According to the study conducted by CISO:
- The average annual salary of ethical hackers is Rs 570,000.
- Chief Information Security Officers salary ranges from Rs 12 lakh to Rs 80 lakh per year, with a median salary of Rs 23.7 lakh
- The highest number of security professionals are in Bengaluru with 20.5 per cent.
- The second number of security professionals are from National Capital Region with 20.3 per cent.
- Telecom service providers pay the highest salaries for cybersecurity professionals with an average annual salary of Rs 11.75 lakh.
- The second highest paying sector is banking and financial services with an average of Rs 10.52 lakh.
- NCR and Bangalore are two cities which offer the highest average salaries for ethical hackers.
CEH — The Way Forward
As you can see, ethical hackers are highly respected professionals who can seek rewarding positions in top firms across industries. If you want to begin your career in ethical hacking, getting a certification like EC-Council's Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) will equip you with the knowledge and skills you need to get ahead.
Anand V
Anand V is an independent consultant with more than 23 plus years of experience. He is currently working in areas of Artificial Intelligence ,Cybersecurity, Blockchain and IoT.
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One of the most popular testing certifications in the market, the Certified Ethical Hacker credential provides the knowledge and skills needed for ‘white hat’ hacking. Certified professionals have the competencies required to anticipate cyber-crime, respond adequately to mitigate risks and control any damages caused due to security breaches. During the pandemic, leading organizations have turned to the digital world; and their investments in cybersecurity have increased as they have realized the critical importance of being cyber resilient. As a result, plenty of opportunities have opened up for skilled professionals in the cybersecurity wing of business enterprises and government organizations. In this article we will be discussing the importance of the Certified Ethical Hacking course, and why you should choose this as a career option. We will talk about who is the right audience for this course, what are the benefits of gaining the certification, and what comes next. What is Ethical Hacking? Let us first understand what ethical hacking is. Ethical hacking is a process of penetrating applications/networks/smart devices with official permission for checking vulnerabilities, if any. This analysis helps in taking preventive and corrective measures to improve the cybersecurity of systems. A Certified Ethical Hacker is a professional who is skilled at understanding the vulnerabilities of various systems and fixing them in an ethical manner. Purpose of CEH How does CEH certification stand apart from the rest of the certifications? What can we learn from CEH in 2022? S.NoObjectiveLearning1.Hacking Challenges on Steroids24 incredible challenges across 4 levels including 18 attack vectors2.Emerging Attack VectorsFile less malware. Targeted Ransomware, Web API threats and web shell3.Enumeration TechniquesNFS, Telnet.SMB, FTP,IPV6,BGP4.Malware Reverse EngineeringStatic and Dynamic malware analysis5.Cloud ComputingContainer Technology, Docker, Kubernetes, Serverless computing, Cloud Hacking methodology6.Hacking web applicationsWeb API.Web hooks, web shell concepts, Web API hacking and security7.Operation TechnologyICS, SCADA,PLC,HMI based attacks, Side-channel attacks8.WPA3Encryption and crackingWhy do we need to choose CEH as a career option? Ethical hacking follows five phases of processes, with each process laying out measurable ways of identifying vulnerabilities. Certified Ethical Hacker is the only certification which offers expertise across all the five phases. It is normally included as a practice in ongoing network assessment, penetration testing, or other risk assessment practices. Expansion of new technologies has increased the risk of cyber-crime, and Ethical hacking is now a standard practice across enterprises, governments, and startups. With increased dependence on data science across industries, the protection of digital and information assets is crucial. Hacking is a malicious act and companies are cognizant of these risks. To avoid attacks by hackers, all organizations are looking for qualified ethical hackers who can protect and save their digital assets. There is an increase in the job opportunities for ethical hackers, and the industry is estimated to grow exponentially over the next 10 years due to the data surge. CEH is a career that is here to stay! Who is CEH intended for?Anyone who is interested to develop their career in ethical hacking, including the following: Information Security Analyst/Administrator Information Security Officer Information Security Manager /Specialist Information Systems Security Engineer Information Security Professional IT auditor Risk/Threat/Vulnerability Analyst System Administrators Network Administrator Network Engineer Common Job Roles for Certified Ethical Hackers Mid-level information assurance security audit Cybersecurity auditor System security administrator IT security administrator Cyber Defense Analyst Vulnerability Assessment Analyst Warning Analyst Information Security Analyst Security Analyst InfoSec Security Administrator Cybersecurity Analyst Network security Engineer SOC Security Analyst Network Engineer Senior Security Consultant Manual Ethical hacker Information security manager Jr. Penetration Tester Solution Architect Cybersecurity Consultant Security compliance analyst Technology Risk and Cybersecurity Audit Top benefits of CEH Certification Accreditation program CEH is an ANSI accredited program It is recognized by DoD and GCHQ. 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Good Corporate Career Standard corporate career designations across more than 30 different roles Beginner to Senior management roles – Analyst to CISO Good incentives for CEH professionals apart from salaries Strong Global community Good networking opportunity even to start your own company Mapped to Industry Frameworks Mapped to NICE 2.0 Framework Practical course and live case studies Ongoing CPEs Ease of access Online Proctored Exams Benefits of Skill upgrade- the CEH Master Program Holders of the CEH credential can take the next step with the CEH Master certification. Comes with practical assessments Global Recognition as an expert in Ethical hacking Performance-based training and certification ConclusionIn this article we have seen the scope of CEH as a career option, the various benefits it holds, and why individuals must take this certification. The depth of roles ranges from Beginner to Expert to senior management, and there is growing global recognition for holders of this credential. As a result, you can avail of excellent job opportunities with great salaries. The next step in your learning journey can be the CEH - Master program.
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Cybercrime and hacking attacks are doubling year on year. Not just corporate giants and government entities, but even small scale companies and start-ups are afraid of being victims of cyber theft. Organizations may face major losses not just in their profits but also loss of reputation, data, and customers. Therefore, almost all organizations want to keep their data and privacy of their customers safe from cyber criminals. These organizations spend a fortune on implementing robust technology architecture and on hiring professionals who can identify loopholes in the cyber security systems and patch them up before hackers can get through. These professionals, known as ethical hackers or white hat hackers, can help organizations protect their assets (people, process, and technology) from cybercriminals.Why CEH? The exponential rise in data, and our dependence on virtual systems has also consequently raised attacks from cyber criminals and data breaches. This has made the role of the ethical hacker among the most important job roles in these times. There is a huge demand for cybersecurity experts in almost all types of businesses. To hire security experts, organizations have some basic or minimum benchmarks set. These security experts are expected to have a good understanding of security concepts, and knowledge of the latest tools, processes, and frameworks so that they can be one step ahead of cyber criminals and prevent data breach. This is where certifications such as the CEH - Certified Ethical Hacker by EC-Council comes into play. The CEH is the most comprehensive program for ethical hackers as it covers the latest hacking trends and familiarises professionals with the technologies that will help prevent data breaches. This international accreditation is recognised world over, so no matter where you are, your skills and knowledge will be considered valid by all organizations, anywhere in the world. 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You can get in touch with proper mentors, people with similar mind-sets and take advantage of group study which can reveal many unknown issues, incidents, and examples. Of course, this will cost you more but you can’t learn to swim without getting wet.2. Get your hands dirty – Practice! The plus point of the latest version of CEH v11 is that it is more focused, practical based and scenario-based with the latest content that equips students with hands-on skills. Remember, security is all about practice and implementation rather than a bunch of documents and do’s and don’ts checklist. In the course of gaining the credential you will learn about methods and tools that you can use to protect the organization such as security implementations, testing, and monitoring. Just bookish knowledge won’t help there. We recommend that spending at least 2 hours daily practice apart from training will improve your skills dramatically.3. Study Guides While we did mention above not to be bookish, books are a treasure trove of knowledge and even for clearing the CEH you must do a thorough read of the recommended books. You can religiously follow study guides and clear your concept on every topic in a very descriptive manner. This will answer all your “What and Why” in terms of cybersecurity and ethical hacking. Of course, this is world-class content and therefore you will get exact definitions, descriptions, and diagrams for almost all topics. We recommend studying at least 1 hour daily to get clear on all topics during the training. 4. Study groups - Community Study groups will polish your knowledge and skills for CEH topics. There are many study groups you can join where you can resolve your queries, clear your doubts, take help to learn something, and help others too. This will help you to stay in the company of like-minded people and you will get to learn fast. 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CEH ASSESSMENT- EC-CouncilEC-Council® CEH™ Exam PrepCEH practice examApart from this, you can follow blogs, industry experts, and relevant videos for more understanding and guidance.Required soft skills Every job roles needs certain skills apart from the core skills needed to perform on the job. These include soft skills that will help you grow as an individual and as a professional.Be Curious – Be hungry for knowledge and for learning new things and gaining new skills. Be Enthusiastic - Be enthusiastic and motivated throughout your journey as a hacker and you will be rewarded. Eliminate the distractions - Avoid time-wasting or non-productive activities during the training like spending time on online games or social media. About the exam After getting trained and completing your practice, it is time for the exam. The CEH exam is a 4 hour exam with 125 multiple choice questions. Check the below link for the exam blueprint to get an idea of the percentage ratio of each module during the CEH exam. Examination centres can be chosen based on your location. Keep your exam code with you. The exam organizers have a process to determine the difficulty rating of each question. For more information, you can check out the EC-Council website and get in touch with your training center.Conclusion So, start your journey on becoming a certified cyber security professional with the CEH course and credential. As with anything else, practice makes perfect and you will become better as an ethical hacker with practice. Work hard and you will definitely achieve your CEH certification at the very first attempt.
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By KnowledgeHut
In today’s world cyber-attacks are triggered to alter or steal the information of a person or an organization in a huge volume of data. It is very much important to protect the data/database from security related attacks.SQL injection is one of the top trending cyber attack techniques recognized by the world’s top non-profit security foundation OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project). SQL injection attacks are made by inserting or injecting the SQL query input from the client end of the application. In this article, we will learn about the SQL injection, types of attacks using SQL injection and preventive steps. What is SQL Injection? SQL injection attack is used to insert malicious SQL statements into an entry field for execution. This injection technique is the most common web application hacking attack that allows an attacker to get unauthorised access, commit identity spoofing, tamper, take control or destroy your database. This is an attack that is very simple and easy to carry out even for script kiddies. As we can see in the above picture, this is the second most common vulnerability that can impact databases. SQL injection flaws occur because of poorly designed web applications that can exploit SQL statements that execute malicious code. How SQL injection is used is very much dependent on the intention of the hacker. With unauthorized access to a database server, what can attackers do? Here are some examples: Download unauthorized data of a person or an organization Delete/modify data Permanently destroy data/backups Add a virus to a system Alter security Encrypt/steal/alter data and hold it for ransom Publicly shame an organization via a web or social media hack Use data to harm business operations How does SQL injection work? To understand SQL injection, you need to know what SQL is. SQL – SQL stands for Structured Query Language. 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Some common SQL injection examples include:Tautologies – Used to Bypass AuthenticationSelect * from USERTable where uid=‘xyz’ and pwd =’x’ or ‘5’=’5’;Union – Used to Extract Data. A different dataset is returned from the Database. Illegal/Logically Incorrect Queries - Used to Identify injectable parameters. Piggybacked Queries - Multiple queries are executed without the knowledge of the user which may lead to Database exploitation. Injected queries are added to the normal executable query. Inference - Different responses from the database are cross checked by changing its behavior. Stored procedure - Injection is done to the stored procedure present in the Database.Common Causes and how to avoid SQL Injection Attack-If we are assuming our application’s code/web forms are well protected against any kind of attack by default, application changes and assumptions that were true in the past or present may not be true in the future and may require additional changes. These assumptions eventually lead to compliance and security auditing failures. Using unsupported or legacy software/code/tools or features may lead to security holes and there could be chances of delay in catching or fixing such issues. Running patched and upgraded versions of code is critical to avoid security exploits. Continuously monitoring for new security vulnerabilities and reacting as needed is an important step towards avoiding unnecessary surprises. Reviewing old code is very important, and timely changes in the code are highly recommended as technologies keeps changing. The versions, functions, and extensions require regular upgrades. Older versions or codes are quite vulnerable and might be unable to maintain the integrity of your application. 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Below is the vulnerable code for SQL injection where the user input is concatenated directly into the query: String query = “;SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = ‘";+ input + "’" Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query); Check out the code below that helps to prevents the user input from interfering with the query structure: PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = ?"); statement.setString(1, input); ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(); Primary recommendations: Use Parameterised queries Least Privilege Use stored procedures if required White listing the input fields Avoid displaying detailed error messages that are useful to an attacker. It is also important to get patch updates regularly, as every day there are many new vulnerabilities that are found. It is also recommended to use a Web Application Firewall to protect your application, which can help you to filter and find malicious data. Where Do We Go Next? It is very important to identify and mitigate this notorious vulnerability and take immediate actions to keep your systems secure. Many skilled attackers are waiting to take advantage of your mistakes, like poor code, so that they can hack into the database. We know this vulnerability is very old but we have to be aware of the outcomes of this type of vulnerability and try to prevent this during the development phase, rather than covering up the liability later.
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- 04 May 2021
- 6 mins read
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